出自:洛阳理工学院-英语1（高起专）
11. (阅读理解题)Reading Comprehension (每小题2分，共30分)
Section A
The fridge is considered necessary. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food list appeared with the label: Store in the refrigerator.
In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthy. The milkman came every day, the grocer, the butcher (肉商), the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times each week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus (剩余的) bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.
The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. Many well-tried techniques already existed – natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling.
What refrigeration did promote was marketing – marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the world in search of a good price.
Consequently, most of the world’s fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the rich countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house – while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge.
The fridges effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been not important. If you don’t believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and mop off your fridge next winter. You may not eat the hamburger, but at least you’ll get rid of that terrible hum.
(1). (单选题) The statement “In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily.” suggests that ______.(本题2.0分)
A、 the author was well-fed and healthy even without a fridge in his fifties
B、 the author was not accustomed to fridges even in his fifties
C、 there was no fridge in the author’s home in the 1950s
D、 the fridge was in its early stage of development in the 1950s
(2). (单选题) Why does the author say that nothing was wasted before the invention of fridges? D(本题2.0分)
A、 people would not buy more food than was necessary
B、 food was delivered to people two or three times a week
C、 food was sold fresh and did not get rotten easily
D、 people had effective ways to preserve their food
(3). (单选题) Who benefited the least from fridges according to the author? (本题2.0分)
A、 inventors
B、 consumers
C、 manufacturers
D、 travelling salesmen
(4). (单选题) Which of the following phrases in the fifth paragraph indicates the fridge’s negative effect on the environment? (本题2.0分)
A、 “Hum away continuously”
B、 “Climatically almost unnecessary”
C、 “Artificially-cooled space”
D、 “With mild temperatures”
(5). (单选题) What is the author’s overall attitude toward fridges? (本题2.0分)
A、 neutral
B、 critical
C、 objective
D、 compromising
12. (阅读理解题)
Section B
The other day, my friend Jane was invited to a 40th birthday party. The time printed on the invitation was 7:30pm. Jane went off with her husband, expecting a merry evening of wine, food, and song.
By 9:45, everybody was having great fun, but no food had appeared. Jane and David were restless. Other guests began whispering that they, too, were starving. But no one wanted to leave, just in case some food was about to appear. By 11:00, there was still no food, and everyone was completely off their heads. Jane and David left hungry and angry.
Their experience suggests that the words on the printed invitations need to be made clearer. Everyone reads and understands the invitations differently. Most of us would agree that 6:30 --8:30pm means drinks only, go out to dinner afterwards; 8:00pm or 8:30pm means possible dinner, but 9:30pm and any time thereafter means no food, or at beforehand, roll up late.
But this is not always the case. If asked to a students. party at 6:30pm, it is normal for guests not to appear before midnight, if at all, and no one cares. Being the first to arrive - looking eager - is social death. When my mother is asked to a party for 6:30, she likes to be on time, if not on time, then no later than seven. My age group (late thirties) falls somewhere between the two, but because we still think we.re young, we.re probably closer to student-time than grown-up time.
The accepted custom at present is confusing (混乱的), sometimes annoying, and it often means you may go home hungry, but it does give every party that precious element (成分) of surprise.
(1). (单选题) The underlined words "off their heads" probably mean_____.(本题2.0分)
A、 tired
B、 crazy
C、 curious
D、 hopeless
(2). (单选题) Jane and David’s story is used to show that___ .(本题2.0分)
A、 party-goers usually get hungry at parties
B、 party invitations can be confusing
C、 people should ask for food at parties
D、 birthday parties for middle-aged people are dull
(3). (单选题) For some young people, arriving on time for a students. party will probably be considered_____.(本题2.0分)
A、 very
B、 particularly thoughtful
C、 friendly
D、 socially unacceptable
(4). (单选题) According to the writer, people in their late thirties_____.(本题2.0分)
A、 are likely to arrive late for a party
B、 care little about the party time
C、 haven’t really grown up yet
D、 like surprises at parties
(5). (单选题) What is the general idea of the text? (本题2.0分)
A、 It’s safe to arrive late just when food is served.
B、 It’s wise to eat something before going to a party.
C、 It’s important to follow social rules of party-going.
D、 It’s necessary to read invitations carefully. Section
13. (阅读理解题)
Section C
One of the qualities that most people admire in others is the willingness to admit one’s mistakes. It is extremely hard sometimes to say a simple thing like “I was wrong about that,” and it is even harder to say, “I was wrong, and you were right about that.”
I had an experience recently with someone admitting to me that he had made a mistake fifteen years ago. He told me he had been the manager of a certain grocery store in the neighborhood where I grew up, and he asked me if I remembered the egg cartons. Then he related an incident and I began to remember vaguely the incident he was describing.
I was about eight years old at the time, and I had gone into the store with my mother to do the weekly grocery shopping. On that particular day, I must have found my way to the dairy food department where the incident took place.
There must have been a special sale on eggs that day because there was an impressive display of eggs in-dozen and half-dozen cartons. The cartons were stacked three or four feet high. I must have stopped in front of a display to admire the stacks. Just then a woman came by pushing her grocery cart and knocked off the stacks of cartons. For some reason, I decided it was up to me to put the display back together, so I want to work.
The manager heard the noise and came rushing over to see what had happened. When he appeared, I was on my knees inspecting some of the cartons to see if any of the eggs were broken, but to him it looked as though I was the culprit. He severely reprimanded me and wanted me to pay for any broken eggs. I protested my innocence and tried to explain, but it did no good. Even though I quickly forgot all about the incident, apparently the manager did not.
(1). (单选题) How old was the author when he wrote this article? _______.(本题2.0分)
A、 about 8
B、 about 18
C、 about 23
D、 about 15
(2). (单选题) Who was to blame for knocking off the stacks of cartons? (本题2.0分)
A、 The author
B、 The manager
C、 A woman
D、 The author’s mother
(3). (单选题) Which f the following statements is NOT true? (本题2.0分)
A、 The woman who knocked off the stacks of cartons war seriously criticized by the manager.
B、 The author was severely criticized by the manager.
C、 A woman carelessly knocked off the stacks of cartons.
D、 It was the author who put the display back together.
(4). (单选题) Which of the following can serve as the best title for the passage? (本题2.0分)
A、 It’s Harder to Admit One’s Mistake
B、 I was once the Culprit
C、 I Remember an incident
D、 A Case of Mistaken Identity
(5). (单选题) The tone of the article expresses the author’s _______ _______.(本题2.0分)
A、 admiration for the manager’s willingness to admit mistakes
B、 anger to the manager for his wrong accusation
C、 indignation against the woman who knocked off the stacks of cartons
D、 regret for the mistake he made in the store
11. (阅读理解题)
Reading Comprehension (每小题2分，共30分)
Section A
As regards social conventions, we must say a word about the well-known English class system. This is an embarrassing subject for English people, and one they tend to be ashamed of, though during the present century class-consciousness has grown less and less, and the class system less rigid. But it still exists below the surface. Broadly speaking, it means there are two classes, the “middle class” and the “working class”. We shall ignore for a moment the old “upper class”, including hereditary aristocracy, since it is extremely small in numbers; but some of its members have the right to sit in the House of Lords, and some newspapers take a surprising interest in their private life. The middle class consists chiefly of well-to-do businessmen and professional people of all kinds. The working class consists chiefly of manual and unskilled workers.
The most obvious difference between them is in their accent. Middle-class people use slightly varying kinds of “received pronunciation” which is the kind of English spoken by BBC announcers and taught to overseas pupils. Typical working-class people speak in many different local accents which are generally felt to be rather ugly and uneducated. One of the biggest barriers of social equality in England is the two-class education system. To have been attended to “public school” immediately marks you out as one of the middle class. The middle class tend to live a more formal life than working-class people, and are usually more cultured. The midday meal is “lunch” and they have a rather formal evening meal called “dinner”, whereas the working man’s dinner, if his working hours permit, is at midday, and his smaller, late-evening meal is called supper.
As we have said, however, the class system is much less rigid than it was, and for a long time it has been government policy to reduce class distinctions.
Working-class students very commonly receive a university education and enter the professions, and working-class incomes have grown so much recently that the distinctions between the two classes are becoming less and less clear. However, regardless of one’s social status, certain standards of politeness are expected of everybody, and a well-bred person is polite to everyone he meets, and treats a laborer with the same respect he gives an important businessman. Servility inspires both embarrassment and dislike, even the word “sir”, except in school and in certain occupations.
(1). (单选题) The middle class mainly refers to people _____(本题2.0分)
A、 who were born as aristocrat
B、 who have the right to it in the House of Lords
C、
who speak in many different local accents
D、
who are prosperous businessmen or who work in some professions
(2). (单选题) The most obvious difference between the working class and the middle class in English is their __________(本题2.0分)
A、 dress
B、 work
C、
accent
D、
meal
(3). (单选题)
Why isn’t the word “sir” commonly used in Britain?
(本题2.0分)
A、 Because it sounds too servile and is likely to cause embarrassment.
B、 Because it can only be used in some certain occupations.
C、 Because it is an impolite word.
D、 Because it shows that the speaker is not a well-bred person.
(4). (单选题)
The “upper class” in England today _____.
(本题2.0分)
A、 are extremely small in number so that media pays no attention to them
B、
still uses old words like “sir” in their everyday life
C、
includes the hereditary aristocracy
D、
refers only to the royal family
(5). (单选题) Which of the following is not true about the English class system? (本题2.0分)
A、 It is an embarrassing subject for English people.
B、 Working-class students cannot receive a university education.
C、
They class system is much less rigid than it was.
D、 The class system still exists below the surface.
12. (阅读理解题)
Section B
A rapid means of long-distance transportation became a necessity for the United States as settlement spread ever farther west-ward. The early trains were impractical curiosities, and for a long time the railroad companies met with troublesome mechanical problems. The most serious ones were the construction of rails able to bear the road, and the development of a safe, effective stopping system. Once these were solved, the railroad was established as the best means of land transportation. By 1860 there were thousands of miles of railroads mountain ranges and reaching westward to the Mississippi. There were also regional southern and western lines..
The high point in railroad building came with the construction of the first transcontinental system. In 1860 Congress authorized two western railroad companies to build lines from Nebraska westward and from California eastward to a meeting point, so as to complete a transcontinental crossing linking the Atlantic seaboard with the Pacific. The Government helped the railroad generously with money and land. Actual work on this project began four years later. The Central Pacific Company, starting from California, used Chinese labor, while the Union Pacific employed crews of Irish laborers. The two groups worked at remarkable speed, each trying to cover a greater distance than the other. In 1869 they met at a place called Promontory in what is now the state of Utah. Many visitors came there for the great occasion. There were joyous celebrations all over the country, with parades and the ringing of church bells to honor the great achievement.
The railroad was very important in encouraging westward movement. It aims to help build up industry and farming by moving raw materials and by distributing products rapidly to distant markets. In linking towns and people to one another it helped unify the United States.
(1). (单选题) The major problems with America’s railroad system in the mid 19th century lay in ___(本题2.0分)
A、
poor quality rails and unreliable stopping system
B、 lack of financial support for development
C、 limited railroad lines
D、
lack of a transcontinental railroad
(2). (单选题) The building of the first transcontinental system ___(本题2.0分)
A、 brought about a rapid growth of industry and farming in the west
B、
attracted many visitors to the construction sites
C、
attracted laborers from Europe
D、
encouraged people to travel all over the country
(3). (单选题) The best title for this passage would be ___(本题2.0分)
A、 Settlements Spread Westward
B、
The Coast-to-Coast Railroad: A Vital Link
C、 American Railroad History
D、 The Importance of Railroads in the American Economy
(4). (单选题) The construction of the transcontinental railroad took ___(本题2.0分)
A、 9 years
B、
7 years
C、 4 years
D、
3 years
(5). (单选题) What most likely made people think about a transcontinental railroad?(本题2.0分)
A、 The possibility of government support for such a task.
B、 The need to explore Utah.
C、 The need to connect the east coast with the west
D、 The need to develop the railroad industry in the west
13. (阅读理解题)
Section C
Everyone has got two personalities — the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real. You don’t show your secret personality when you.re awake because you can control your behavior, but when you.re asleep, your sleeping position shows the real you. In a normal night, of course, people frequently change their position. The important position is the one that you go to sleep in.
If you go to sleep on your back, you’re a very open person. You normally trust people and you are easily influenced by fashion or new ideas. You don’t like to upset people, so you never express your real feelings. You’re quite shy and you aren.t very confident.
If you sleep on your stomach, you are a rather secretive（不坦率的）person. You worry a lot and you.re always easily upset. You’re very stubborn（顽固的）, but you aren.t very ambitious. You usually live for today not for tomorrow. This means that you enjoy having a good time.
If you sleep curled up（卷曲）, you are probably a very nervous person. You have a low opinion of yourself and so you’re often defensive. You.re shy and you don.t normally like meeting people. You prefer to be on your own. You.re easily hurt.
If you sleep on your side, you have usually got a well-balanced personality. You know your strengths and weaknesses. You’re usually careful. You have a confident personality. You sometimes feel anxious, but you don.t often get depressed. You always say what you think even if it annoys people.
If you go to sleep on your back, you’re a very open person. You normally trust people and you are easily influenced by fashion or new ideas. You don’t like to upset people, so you never express your real feelings. You’re quite shy and you aren.t very confident.
(1). (单选题) According to the writer，you naturally show your secret and real personality ____(本题2.0分)
A、
only in a normal night
B、 only when you go to sleep
C、 only when you refuse to show yourself to the world
D、
only when you change sleeping position
(2). (单选题) Which is NOT mentioned in the second paragraph about a person.s personality？(本题2.0分)
A、 He or she is always open with others．
B、 He or she always likes new ideas earlier than others．
C、 He or she is always easily upset．
D、 He or she tends to believe in others．
(3). (单选题) Point out which sentence is used to show the personality of a person who is used to sleeping on his or her stomach？(本题2.0分)
A、
He or she is careful not to offend others．
B、 He or she doesn’t want to stick to his or her opinion
C、 He or she can.t be successful in any business．
D、 He or she likes to bring others happiness．
(4). (单选题) Maybe you don’t want to make friends with a person who sleeps curled up. Why？(本题2.0分)
A、 He or she would rather be alone than communicate with you．
B、 He or she is rarely ready to help you．
C、 He or she prefers staying at home to going out．
D、 He or she wouldn’t like to get help from you．
(5). (单选题) It appears that the writer tends to think highly of the person who sleeps on one side because ________(本题2.0分)
A、
he or she always shows sympathy for people
B、
he or she is confident，but not stubborn
C、 he or she has more strengths than weaknesses
D、
he or she often considers annoying people