河北建筑工程学院-大学英语3

出自:河北建筑工程学院-大学英语3

Part II. Reading Comprehension (30 points) Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five questions. For each question there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. you should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage 1 The National Education Association claims．“The school bus is a mirror of the community．”They further add that, unfortunately, what appears on the exterior (外部) does not always reflect the reality of a chosen community．They are right．and sometimes it reflects more! Just ask Liesl Denson Riding the school bus has been more than a ride to school for Liesl. Bruce Hardy．school bus driver for Althouse Bus Company has been Liesl’s bus driver since kindergarten Last year when Liesl’s family moved to Parkesburg knowing her bus went by her new residence，she requested to ride the same bus .This year Liesl is a senior and will enjoy her last year riding the bus．She says．“It’s been a great ride so far! My bus driver is so cool and has always been a good friend and a good listener．Sometimes when you’re a child adults do not think that what you have to say is important．Mr. Hardy always listens to what you have to say and makes you feel important” Her friends Ashley Batista and Amanda Wolfc agree． Brace Hardy has been making Octorara students feel special since 1975. This year he will celebrate 30 years working for Althouse Bus Transportation．Company President. Larry A1thouse acknowledges Bruce Hardy’s outstanding record．“You do not come by employees 1ike Bruce these days；he has never missed a day of work and has a perfect driving record．Recognized in 2000 by the Pennsylvania School Bus Association for driving 350，000 accident free miles，Hardy’s reputation is made further evident through the relationships he has made with the students that ride his bus.’’ A1thouse further added. “Althouse Bus Transportation was established 70 years ago and has been providing quality transportation ever since MY grandfather started the business with one bus．Althouse Bus Transportation is delighted to have the opportunity to bring distinctive and safe service to our local school and community and looks forward to continuing to provide quality service for many more years to come.’’ Three generations of business is not all the company has enjoyed．Thanks to drivers like Bruce Hardy, they have been building relationships through generations．Liesl’s mother Carol also enjoys fond memories of riding Bruce Hardy’s bus to the Octorara Schoo1 District． 11. The word “mirror’’ in the first line could be best replaced by A . “vehicle”． B . “device” C . “company”． D. “reflection” 12. How long has Bruce Hardy been working for Althouse Bus Transportation? A. For 30 years． B. For 70 years C. Since last year． D. Since 2000． 13. Which of the following statements is NOT true of Bruce Hardy? A. He is cool． B. He is a good friend C. He is impatient． D. He has driven 350，000 accident free miles 14. Who founded Althouse Bus Transportation? A Larry Althouse． B Althouse’s grandfather C Liesl’s mother, D Ashley Batista． 15. What has Althouse Bus Transportation been mainly aiming at? A. Making as much money as possible． B. Building up its fame C. Developing its business． D. Providing the local community with quality service

Conservationists(自然保护主义者)may be miscalculating the numbers of the threatened animals such as elephants, say African and American researchers. The error occurs because of a flaw in the way they estimate animal numbers from the piles of dung(粪)the creatures leave behind． The mistake could 1ead researchers to think that there are twice as many elephants as there really are in some regions according to Andrew Plumptre of the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) in New York. Biologist Katy Payne of Cornell University in Ithaca，New York，agrees, ‘‘We really need to know elephant numbers and the evidence that we have is quite indirect” says Payne，who electronically tracks elephants. Counting elephants from planes is impossible in the vast rainforests of Central Africa．So researchers often estimate elephant numbers by counting dung piles in a given area．They also need to know the rate at which dung decays. Because it’s extremely difficult to determine these rates, however，researchers counting elephants in one region tend to rely on standard decay rates established elsewhere. But researchers at the WCS have found that this decay rate varies from region to region depending on the climate and environment Using the wrong values can lead the census astray(离开正道)，says Plumptre. He and his colleague Anthony Chifu Nchanji studied decaying elephant dung in the forests of Cameroon They found that the dung decayed between 55 and 65 per cent more slowly than the dung in the rainforests of neighboring Gabon．If researchers use decay rates from Gabon to count elephants in Cameroon，they would probably find more elephants than are actually around． This could mean estimates in Cameroon are at least twice as high as those derived from decay rates calculated locally，says Plumptre. “However accurate your dung density estimate might be, the decay rate can severely affect the result”. Plumptre also says that the dung—pile census should be carried out over a region similar in size to an elephant’s natural range The usual technique of monitoring only small，protected areas distorts numbers because elephants move in and out of these regions，he says, “If the elephant population increases within the protected area，you can not determine whether 1t is a real increase or whether it is due to elephants moving in because they are being poached(入侵偷猎)outside．” Plumptre says that similar problems may also affect other animal census studies that rely on indirect evidence such as nests，tracks or burrows(地洞). 16. The word “threatened” in the first sentence of the first paragraph could be best replaced by A. “endangered” B. “frightened” C. “killed” D. “angered” 17. Why do researchers estimate elephant numbers in an area by counting dung piles? A. Because elephants are difficult to catch B. Because it is not possible to count elephants from a plane． C. Because it is not possible to keep track of elephants． D. Because elephants are shy animals 18. Piles of dung can’t be relied upon when it comes to estimating elephant numbers because A. they are different in size B. they scatter an over the region． C. they are different in decay rate． D. they are different in quality． 19. According to Plumptre，the region over which a dung—pile census is carried out should be A. small enough B. well protected． C. carefully monitored． D. large enough 20. The first word “He” in paragraph 6 refers to A. Andrew Plumptre B. Katy Payne． C. Anthony Chifu Nchanji． D. the writer of the article．

When Patricia Rochester decided to go back to school after ten years as a staff nurse at Toronto Western Hospital．her employer not only cheered her on but also Paid her tuition and gave her a day off with pay every week to study. Throughout her years at the hospital，Rochester has also taken workshops on everything from coaching peers to career development——courses that she believes have helped her advance at work．“I’m now head of the mentoring(指导) program for new hires．students and staff nurses．” she says．“There’s a lot of room for personal improvement here．” Perhaps as important，Rochester says her employer supports and values her work. “If you put in overtime.” the nurse points out．“you get your meals—they’11 order in pizza or Greek food or Chinese．”And if staffers feel stiff and stressed from too many hours on the ward．they can call for a flee 15-minute shoulder-and-neck massage (按摩) or even sign up for an eight-week evening course on meditation skills and stress-relief．If that’s not enough，employees can take advantage of five family days a year that can be used if the kids come down with the flu or an aging parent needs ferrying to an important doctor’s appointment And they have access to a range of perks(好处)such as special rates on hotel rooms，drugstore purchases，and scholarships for employees’ children． You might wonder how an organization can provide such resources and still survive．But University Health Network is one of a number of progressive employers in Canada that have discovered that investing in staff is good business． If such initiatives help companies cut down on turnover(人员更替)alone，they’re well worthwhile．says Prem Benimadhu，a vice—president at the Conference Board of Canada．It costs anywhere frmn$3．300 to rehire support staff，an average$13，300 for technical staff and a whopping (巨资)$43，000 for an executive position，according to one study of Conference Board members Innovative initiatives help companies attract talented employees，cut down on sick days (which cost Canadian businesses an estimated$17 billion a year, or an average of $3，550 per employee) and keep employees more interested in their work．With the substantial talent shortage that already exists in Canada and the prospect of mass retirement over the next five years—as many as 50 or 60 percent in some sectors—Benimadhu says that intelligent employers are putting a renewed focus on the people who work for them． 21. When Rochester decided to go to school，her employer A. persuaded her to change her mind B. fired her． C. cheered her on． D. discouraged her． 22. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to ease one’S stiffness and stress? A. To take an eight-week evening course on meditation skills and stress-relief． B. To call for a flee 15-minute shoulder-and-neck massage． C. To use five family days D. To ask for sick leave 23. Investment in staff has been motivated A. to attract the public’s attention B. to reduce staff turnover, C. to solve labor disputes． D. to show off financial resources 24. Canada has been short of A. talented people． B. timber． C. flesh water． D. money． 25. In paragraph 2，the phrase “come down with’’ could be best replaced by A . “shake off’. B. “get rid of.’. C. “get ”. D. get up.

Part III. Vocabulary and Structure (25 points) Section A Directions: In this section there are 15 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 26. He _________ the letter carefully before putting it in the envelope. A. make B. bent C. folded D. curved 27. _______ his cold, he came first in the sports meet. A. Regardless B. In spite C. In spite of D. Despite of 28. Not ___________, the process of choosing names varies widely from culture to culture. A. obviously B. particularly C. surprisingly D. normally 29. --– Why did you bring so much luggage? --- Irene insisted ______ it all. A. bringing B. on bringing C. to bring D. that we bringing 30. –-- Will the cottage be cold? ---Yes. Make sure ________the heater. A. you light B. lighting C. you’ll D. for lighting 31. A completely new situation will ______________ when the examination system comes into existence. A. arise B. rise C. raise D. arouse 32. The speech ______________, a lively discussion started. A. being delivered B. was delivered C. be delivered D. having been delivered 33. International ______________ should be reduced when this agreement is signed. A. stress B. pressure C. tension D. nervousness 34. Most parents encourage their children to take part in social events, ______________ those events do not interfere with their studies. A. lest B. provided C. though D. unless 35. ______________ your request I am sending your sample pages of the dictionary. A. In accordance with B. At the cost of C. From the perspective of D. By means of 36. --– What a boring speaker! --- Yes, by the time he finishes, everyone __________. A. will sleep B. be sleep C. will be asleep D. will fall to sleep 37. The house master was strict. He requested that we ___________ TV on week nights. A. not watch B. must not watch C. not be watching D. have not watched 38. I didn’t care for the job offered by the bookstore keeper, what I needed was a post with more ____________. A. interest B. change C. challenge D. function 39. ________ left before the deadline it doesn’t seem likely that John will complete the job. A. Although such a short time B. It is a short C. With so short time D. With such short time 40. He studied hard at school when he was young, ____________ contributes to his success in later life. A. that B. which C. so that D. as

Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE answer that best completes the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. We know 41 about the universe. It means the earth, the sun, the moon and the stars, and the space 42 them. Most of the stars are much 43 than the moon, but they look smaller 44 they are far away from the earth. At night, the moon is high in the sky 45 a light. But the moon has 46 light of its own. The light of the moon comes from the sun. The sun gives us light, heat and life. And the 47 , animals and men will die without the sun. The earth is going round itself 48 . When the part of the earth 49 to the sun, it is day. The 50 part of the earth is night. The earth is our homeland. We should love it. 41. A. many B. much C. few D. lot 42. A. between B. among C. for D .in 43. A. warmer B. farther C. bigger D. nearer 44. A. but B. so C. till D. because 45. A. looks B. as C. like D. looks like 46. A. not B. no C. little D. less 47. A. fruits B. trees C. vegetables D. plants 48. A. all the time B. in the day-time C. a long time D. at night 49. A. points B. gets C. turns D. changes 50. A. same B. following C. front D. opposite

Part IV. Writing (15 points) Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write an English composition in over 80 words according to the instruction given below. Is Failure a Bad Thing? Outline: 1. Failure as a daily occurrence 2. People’s different attitudes (态度) towards failure 3. My attitude towards it

Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five questions. For each question there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. you should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage 1 Some people believe that international sport creates goodwill between the nations and that if countries play games together they will learn to live together. Others say that the opposite is true: that international contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred. There is probably some truth in both arguments, but in recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that sports encourages international brotherhood. Not only was there the tragic incident involving the murder of athletes, but the Games were also ruined by lesser incidents caused principally by minor national contests. One country received its second-place medals with visible indignation after the hockey final. There had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match, the losers objecting to the final decisions. They were convinced that one of their goals should not have been disallowed and that their opponents’ victory was unfair. Their manager was in a rage when he said:” This wasn’t hockey. Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished.” The president of the Federation said later that such behavior could result in the suspension of the team for at least three years. The American basketball team announced that they would not yield first place to Russia, after a disputable end to their contest. The game had ended in disturbance. It was thought at first that the United States had won, by a single point, but it was announced that there were three seconds still to play. A Russian player then threw the ball from on end of the court to the other, and another player popped it into the basket. It was the first time the USA had ever lost an Olympic basketball match. An appeal jury debated the matter for four and a half hours before announcing that the result would stand. The American players then voted not to receive the silver medals. Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played competitively rather than for the love of the game. The suggestion that athletes should compete as individuals, or in non-national teams, might be too much to hope for. But in the present organization of the Olympics there is far too much that encourages aggressive patriotism. 11. According to the author, recent Olympic Games have _________. A. created goodwill between the nations B. bred only false national pride C. barely showed any international friendship D. led to more and more misunderstanding and hatred 12. What did the manager mean by saying, “… Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished”? A. His team would no longer take part in international games. B. Hockey and the Federation are both ruined by the unfair decisions. C. There should be no more hockey matches organized by the Federation. D. The Federation should be dissolved. 13. The basketball example implied that ____________. A. too much patriotism was displayed in the incident B. the announcement to prolong the match was wrong C. the appeal jury was too hesitant in making the decision. D. the American team was right in injecting the silver medals 14. The author gives the two examples in Paragraphs 2~3 to show __________________. A. how false national pride led to undesirable incidents in international games B. that sportsmen have been more obedient than they used to be C. that competitiveness in the games discourages international friendship D. that unfair decisions are common in Olympic Games 15. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage? A. The organization of the Olympic Games must be improved. B. Athletes should compete as individuals in the Olympic Games. C. Sport should be played competitively rather than for the love of the game. D. International contests are liable for misunderstanding between nations.

There are two types of people in the world. Although they have equal degrees of health and wealth and the other comforts of life, one becomes happy, the other becomes miserable. This arises from different ways in which they consider things, persons, and events, and the resulting effects upon their minds. The people who are to be happy fix their attention on the conveniences of things, the pleasant parts of conversation, the well-prepared dishes, the goodness of the wines, and fine weather. They enjoy all the cheerful things. Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the contrary things. Therefore, they are continually discontented. By their remarks, they sour he pleasures of society, offend many people, and make themselves disagreeable everywhere. If this turn of mind were founded in nature, such unhappy persons would be the more to be critical. The tendency to criticize and be disgusted is perhaps taken up originally by imitation. It grows into a habit, unknown to its possessors. The habit may be strong, but it may be cured when those who have it are convinced of its bad effects of their interests and tastes. I hope this little warning may be of service to them, and help change this habit. Although in fact it is chiefly an act of the imagination, it has serious consequences in life, since it brings on deep sorrow and bad luck. Those people offend many others, nobody loves them, and on one treats them with more than the most common politeness and respect, and scarcely that. This frequently puts them in bad temper and draws them into arguments. If they aim at obtaining some advantage in rank or fortune, nobody wishes them success. Nor will anyone stir a step or speak a word to favor their hopes. If they bring on themselves public disapproval, no one will defend or excuse them, and many will join to criticize their misconduct. These people should change this bad habit and condescend (俯就) to be pleased with hat is pleasing, without worrying needlessly abut themselves and others. If they do not, it will be good for others to avoid any contact with them. Otherwise, it can be disagreeable and sometimes very inconvenient, especially when one becomes mixed up in their quarrels. 16. People who are to be unhappy _____________. A. always consider things differently from others B. usually are influenced by the results of certain things C. can discover the unpleasant part of certain things D. usually have a fault-finding habit 17. The phrase “sour the pleasures of society” most nearly means ________________. A. “have a good taste to the pleasure of society” B. “aren’t content with the pleasures of society” C. “ feel happy with the pleasures of society” D. “enjoy the pleasures of society” 18. Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage? A. We should pity all such unhappy people. B. Such unhappy people are critical about everything. C. If such unhappy people recognize the bad effects of the habit on themselves, they may get rid of it. D. Such unhappy people are also not content with themselves. 19. The phrase “scarcely that” in the last paragraph means ________. A. just like that B. almost not like that C. more than that D. not at all like that 20. If such unhappy persons don’t change their bad behavior, the author’s solution to the problem is that ________________. A. people should avoid contact with them B. people should criticize their misconduct C. people should help them recognize the bad effects of the habit D. people should show no respect and politeness to them

Many people, particularly recent college graduates, dream of owing their own businesses. Although such ventures are often exciting and profitable, the new entrepreneur should thoroughly investigate and plan the situation before plunging in. The first step should be to assemble a board of advisers, including a lawyer, an accountant, and an insurance representative. These individuals can provide valuable information and counsel. Securing the necessary licenses and permits is also a precondition and many require research to determine what is necessary. Most successful small-business owners have considerable experience in the field working for others before they become independent. They also begin with substantial financial backing and a good location. Renting space may be preferable or necessary at the start, but the lease on the building must be examined carefully before it is signed. The new owner should be thoroughly familiar with the market and the competition. A person who wants to buy an existing business can often learn the history of the company and its prospects from the owner’s records. Once the business gets started, accurate and complete records should be kept to monitor the company’s progress and profits. Financing may be the most difficult step for small-business owners. They may rely on their own savings or borrow money from a bank or the Small Business Administration. Some suppliers will sell merchandise on credit, and manufacturers may be willing to finance the purchase of equipment. If the new business is a corporation, the owner may choose to sell stock. Once the new business is started, the Small Business Administration is a good source of advice. Several of its programs are designed to help new owners with the advice and expertise of retired executives. A nearby university or trade association may also help owners locate local sources of help. New business owners often report that they work long, hard hours but find the experience extremely satisfying. The realization that their efforts will produce actual results in the form of profit, success, and pride can be quite motivating. Those who have worked for others enjoy the opportunity to make decisions and follow projects through to completion. Many report that hard work has never been so enjoyable before. Careful research, investigation, and planning at the outset do not guarantee success, but they provide a good foundation for the new small business and its owner. 21. The main idea of the passage is about _____________. A. the history of the small business B. how a small business works C. tips on how to start your own business D. the best way to build up a profitable business 22. Which of the following advisers is most necessary before you begin? A. A retired executive. B. A bank officer. C. A lawyer. D. A professor of economics. 23. The article indicates that most successful small-business owners are __________. A. recent college graduates B. experienced in the field C. financially secure D. new entrepreneurs 24. One advantage of buying an existing business over starting a new one is that _____________. A. it minimizes the competition B. it has records readily available C. it is cheaper D. it already has may customers 25. New business owners may avoid potential problems by _____________. A. hard work B. selling stock C. buying on credit D. careful planning

Directions: In this section there are 15 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 26. She is not the cheerful woman ____________. A) what she used to be B) she used to be C) who she used to be D) that she used to be 27. None of the servants were ____________ when Mr. Smith wanted to send a message. A) available B) approachable C) attainable D) applicable 28. He signed up for the course not only to earn more credits but also ___________ more about computer programming. A) to learn B) learning C) to have learned D) to be learning 29. We firmly ____________ the just struggles against terrorism. A) follow up B) spring up C) back up D) hold up 30. The meeting might ___________ for weeks since neither of the sides intends to compromise. A) dwell on B) drag on C) reflect on D) press on 31. His words _____________ in my attitude toward life. A) take the place B) have a sense C) come to an end D) make a difference 32. _____________ the fact that he just had a heart attack, Professor Thomas persisted in his research. A) Because of B) As to C) in spite of D) in view of 33. Corn originated in the New World and thus was not know in Europe until Columbus found it _____________ in Cuba. A) being cultivated B) been cultivated C) having cultivated D) cultivating 34. _____________ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party. A) Had they arrived B) Would they arrive C) Were they arriving D) Were they to arrive 35. It is our _____________ policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means. A) consistent B) continuous C) considerate D) continual 36. The eight-nine passengers, four of ______________ were Japanese, all escaped without serious injury. A) who B) whom C) that D) them 37. She has been ____________ from the swimming race because she did not win any of the practice races. A) included B) eliminated C) composed D) discouraged 38. It would be easier to ___________ the outcome of the game, if the teams were not so evenly matched.. A) argue B) discuss C) influence D) predict 39. I’d rather you ___________ these important files to home after work. A) don’t B) didn’t bring C) won’t D) not bring 40. ____________ that the trade between the two countries reached its highest point. A) During the 1960’s B) It was in the 1960’s C) That it was in the 1960’s D) It was the 1960’s

Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE answer that best completes the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 　 It is important to be active in communication. In traditional American society it was often said that “Children should only speak when spoken 41 .” An adult, however, is expected to take the 42 in communicating about matters that are of 43 concern him or her. Do not be slow to 44 up. Do not always wait to be spoken to or asked a question, but give your opinions and ideas bravely. Americans 45 it impolite if you have a relationship or work together with someone 46 you do not speak up and say what is 47 your mind. They do not consider 48 if you speak up and make a mistake. This is 49 better. Speaking up is considered good; 50 silent is not. Express your thoughts both in one-to-one conversations and during conferences, seminars, and other group situations. 41. A. to B. with C. by D. for 42. A. position B. start C. act D. lead 43. A. initial B. original C. primary D. important 44. A. put B. fix C. stand D. speak 45. A. found B. claim C. consider D. make 46. A. and B. but C. or D. for 47. A. against B. above C. beyond D. in 47. A. polite B. impolite C. appropriate D. natural 49. A. much B. ever C. even D. still 50. A. remaining B. maintaining C. holding D. retaining