出自:长江大学大学英语（二）
The dog,called Prince was an intelligent animal and a slave to Williams From morning till night,when Williams was at home, Prince never left his sight,practically ignoring all other members of the family. The dog had a number of clearly defined duties, for which Williams had patiently trained him and, like the good pupil he was, Prince lived for the chance to demonstrate his abilities.
When Williams wanted to put on his boots,he would murmur"Boots"and within seconds the dog would drop them at his feet. At nine every morning Prince ran off to the general store in the village,returning shortly not only with Williams. daily paper but with a half-ounce packet of Williams. favorite
tobacco,ohn Rhineys MixedA gun dog by breed, Prince possessed a large soft mouth specially evolved for the safe carrying of hunted creatures, so the paper and the tobacco came to no harm never even showing a tooth mark.
Williams was a railwayman, an engine driver, and he wore a blue uniform which smelled of oil and oil fuel. He had to work at odd times -“days”,“late days"or"nights"Over the years Prince got to know these periods of work and rest knew when his master would leave the house and return, and the dog did not waste this knowledge.lf Williams overslept,as he often did,Prince barked at the bedroom door until he woke, much to the annoyance of the family. On his return,Williams. slippers were brought to him, the paper and tobacco too if previously undelivered.
A curious thing happened to Wiliams during the snow and ice of last winter. One evening he slipped and fell on the icy pavement somewhere between the village and his home.He was so badly shaken that he stayed in bed for three days;and not until he got up and dressed again did he discover that he had lost his wallet containing over fifty pounds. The house was turned upside down in the search,but the wallet was not found. However, two days later - that was five days after the fall - Prince dropped the wallet intc William.s hand Very muddy, stained and wet through, the little case still contained fifty-three pounds Williams. driving license and a few other papers Where the dog had found it no one could tell, but found it he had and recognized it probably by the faint oily smell on the worn leather.
16.How did the dog perform his duties?
A. He had few opportunities to do them. B. He was delighted to show them off. C. He did them quickly to get them over
D.He did his best but was not often successful17.What does the passage tell us about gun dogs?
A. They are the fastest runners of all dogs
B.Their teeth are removed when they are young C. They breed well,producing many young dogs. D.They can carry birds,etc.without hurting them.18. As a result of Williams. work
A. he did not get enough sleep
B. the dog grew accustomed to travelling by train C.there was an oily smell from his clothes
D.the dog was confused about the time of the day
19.It upset Williams. wife and family when
A. Williams had to go to work at night B.Williams made them all get up early
C. the dog made too much noise in the house
D.the dog would not let them see the newspaper
20.Williams did not realise his loss for several days because
A. he trusted the dog to find the wallet
B.he had no occasion to feel in his pockets C. he thought the wallet was in the house D. he was unconscious all that time
There are at least two causes of anxiety: conflict and stress.As an example of the former, we can rarely predict the precise consequences of what we do but we are awarded (or cursed) with the intellectual capacity to
anticipate the advantages and disadvantages which may arise for any action
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we may be contemplating. Very commonly we are faced with a choice between several courses of action, all of which we have reasons for or against.This state of affairs - in psychological jargon, multiple approach- avoidance conflict-accounts for a great deal of our worrying: worrying,that is, about what to do.
The other major source of worry is the dreadful things which may happen or have happened to us or to those we care for. Among the most stressful of these are death, illness, loss of work, money problems, marital problems and retirement. Such worries have a rational basis, but we are curiously irrational in the way we pursue them.For example,fear of death is as strong among young adults as among the elderly and it does not seem to be reduced by any sort of religious faith including the belief that there is life after death.It is equally surprising that objective measures of anxiety suggest that we are as worried the hour before having a tooth filled as when we face a major medical
operation.
How do we deal with worries?Psychiatrists point to a number of defensive devices we can use to turn them aside. We can avoid the situations which induce them, one of the example being that some people refuse to fly in airplanes. We can deny that we have the worry at all, which may be risky if the worry is well-founded.Alternatively,we may repress it. These are hazardous;the former may lead to free-floating,clinical anxiety,while the latter is a way of saying that many physical troubles seem to be primarily emotional in origin.Temporary relief from anxiety can be obtained through engaging in a variety of coping behaviors. These include many of the commonest items of our behavioral repertoire. Smoking,drinking,sleeping eating,taking physical exercise,daydreaming:all can be used to reduce anxiety when the occasion demands it.lt is when they fail that worrying or anxiety threatens to become a clinical problem.
Ofcourse,some people worrymore than others, whatever the circumstances. So far l have been discussing the state of anxiety.which is largely the product of the amount of stress an individual experiences.But anxiety is also a personality trait, closely related to Eysenck.s neuroticism dimension, and the genes we inherit may make us likely become worriers. The importance of constitutional factors is underlined by the fact that people rarely have breakdowns for the first time later in life, despite the fact that stress-inducing events become more frequent as we get older
11.One of the main reasons why people worry about the future is that they
A. do not know what the results of their actions will be
B.are incapableofanalyzingtheactions they should take C.want to avoid problems they think they may meet
D.are aware of different possible consequences resulting from their actions
12. Solutions to worrying such as smoking, drinking and physical exercise
A. are often satisfactory for a short time B.make things worse if we are worried C. do nothing to overcome anxiety
D.merely produce physical strain to cover up mental stress13.What is said about the fear of death in the passage?
A. It depends on our religious beliefs. B.It has no logical foundation. C.it decreases as we get older
D.It exists irrespective of age or beliefs.14. The tendency to worry
A. may be something we are born with B. depends entirely on our experience
C.doesn.t vary much from one person to another D.isasocial or national characteristic
15.The proof of the relationship between anxiety and personality is that
A.stress-inducingevents become more frequent as we get older B.breakdowns are due to constitutional factors C.we inherit genes that may make us worry
D.people who have breakdowns usually show signs of stress when young
Every year,when the Nobel Prizes are announced there is a great deal of publicity about the winners. They are interviewed and articles are written about them This is because winning the Nobel Prize is considered by most people the highest honor that can be achieved in certain particular fields of work such as chemistry,physics,medicine, and literature. There is also a Nobel Peace Prizeawarded for efforts on behalf of peace.
The curious thing about these prizes is that they were started by a man who did a great deal to help the science of destruction! Alfred Nobel was born in Stockholm and lived from 1833 to 1896. Among the things which he invented and patented were dynamiteblasting gelatin(more powerful than dynamite),and a new kind of detonator for explosives.
it may be that having created such deadly explosives. Nobel felt a need to
do something"noble" for the world.He was interested in establishing peace, and had a plan he thought would prevent war. By the way, besides being a brilliant scientist,Nobel was also a poet. He thought that literature and science were the most important factors in human progress
When he died. Nobel left afund of$9000000The money was to be used
in giving prizes to those who made outstanding contributions in physics, chemistry,medicine,literature,and the advancement of world peace. TheSince Nobel wasaSwedethe Nobel Foundation of Sweden distributed the awards.The organizations selected to determine the winners were:for physics and chemistry,the Royal Academy of Science in Stockholm;for medicine,the Caroline Institute of Stockholm;for literature,the Swedish Academy of Literature; for peace, a committee of five persons chosen by the Norwegian Parliament
6. What is curious about Nobel Prize?
A.It was started byaman who was a Swede. B.Its founderisaman withabad reputation
C.it was started by a man who helped the development of the science of destruction.
D.Its money was from a scientist
7.According to the passage,what.s the meaning of "destruction"?
A.instruction B. destroying C.stopping
D.breaking out
8. Why did the Nobel Foundation of Sweden distribute the awards?
A.Because Nobelwas aSwede.
B.Because Sweden is famous for Nobel.
C.Because the Nobel Foundation of Sweden is located in Sweden. D.Because Nobel wanted it to do this.
9. Why did Nobel decide to set up this prize?
A. He had too much money.
B.He though he had done more deadly explosives. C.He wanted to be famous after he died. D.He was interested in establishing peace
10.Why were the prizes first awarded on December101901?
A. It was the anniversary of Nobel.s birth. B.There was no special reason,
C. Noble arranged it when he was alive. D.In order to memorize Nobel.