出自:江苏开放大学大学英语（B）（1）作业4
“Oh, you must have been a spoiled (宠坏的) kid. You must be really bossy. I wonder what you’re going to be like to deal with?” That’s often the response Angela Hult gets when people find out she’s an only child, she told ABC News. Despite such negative (消极的) remarks, Hult has decided to have only one child herself. And she’s not alone.
According to the US’ Office for National Statistics, women approaching the end of their childbearing years had an average of 1.9 children in 2004,compared with 3.1 for their counterparts in 1976.The percentage of onechild families in Britain had risen from 18 percent in 1972 to 26 percent in 2007.
But even though only children are becoming increasingly common，the traditional view that they’re selfish, spoiled and lack social skills holds strong. Even parents of only children, like Hult, are made to feel guilty about having only one child. Worried that they’re being selfish and endangering their child’s future, they flock to online discussion forums seeking advice. Soon, however, they ask themselves: is this social prejudice really reasonable?
“There have been hundreds and hundreds of research studies that show that only children are no different from their peers (同龄人), ” Susan Newman, a social psychologist at Rutgers University in the US，told ABC News.
This raises another question：why are only children still viewed with such suspicion?
“There is a belief that’s been around probably since humans first existed that to have just one child is somehow dangerous, both for you and for the continuation of your race, ” Toni Falbo, a professor of educational psychology, told the Guardian.“In the past a lot of children died. You’d have had to be crazy to only have one.”
Times, of course, have changed and infant mortality (婴儿死亡率) has largely reduced. So what do only children themselves say?
Kayley Kravitz, a blogger for The Huffington Post, grew up as an only child and highly recommends the experience.“Being an only child taught me the most valuable skill of all: the ability to be alone,” she said.
D-16．Which of the following could be the best title for the text?
A
Are only children lonely?
B
Are only children common?
C
Are only children dangerous?
D
Are only children different?
正确答案：D学生答案：D
老师点评：
答案解析：
标题概括题。本文主要讨论了独生子女是否就是英国传统观念中的自私、娇气，缺少社交技能的人，所以D项最适合做文章的标题，故选D。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：较难得分：2
17
阅读D-16题干中Passage One材料，完成本题。
D-17．What does Susan Newman mean?
A
Only children are as good as their peers.
B
Only children are more selfish and spoiled.
C
Parents feel guilty about having only one child.
D
Parents will endanger their only child’s future.
正确答案：A学生答案：A
老师点评：
答案解析：
细节理解题。根据第四段Susan Newman所说的话可知，成百上千的研究表明独生子女和别的孩子没有什么区别，故选A。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：较难得分：2
18
阅读D-16题干中Passage One材料，完成本题。
D-18．What is the common belief since human existed?
A
The infant death rate always stays high.
B
People are crazy to have only one child.
C
It’s easy for only children to earn their living.
D
It’s hard to continue the family line with only one child.
正确答案：D学生答案：D
老师点评：
答案解析：
细节理解题。根据文章第六段中的“There is a belief that’s been around probably...both for you and for the continuation of your race”可知，自从人类存在以来，人们就认为只生一个孩子不论对你自己还是对种族的延续来说都是很危险的，故选D。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：较难得分：2
19
阅读D-16题干中Passage One材料，完成本题。
D-19．An only child like Kayley ________.
A
must be difficult to persuade
B
can possibly learn to be alone
C
should value special skills
D
need ignore bad experience
正确答案：B学生答案：B
老师点评：
答案解析：
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“Being an only child...the ability to be alone”可知，选B。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：较难得分：2
20
阅读D-16题干中Passage One材料，完成本题。
D-20．What’s the author’s attitude towards having only one child?
A
Neutral.
B
Negative.
C
Positive.
D
Doubtful.
Norm Pethrick, a 36yearold man in Australia’s northern city Darwin，was praised on Thursday for jumping onto a crocodile’s back to save his wife Wendy at Litchfield National Park, a popular tourist spot southwest of Darwin, a local newspaper reported.
Mrs Pethrick was standing on a river bank Wednesday afternoon when the saltwater crocodile lunged (扑), locking its jaws on both her legs as it tried to drag her underwater. Norm Pethrick, who with his wife had been collecting water, immediately went to help her. He jumped onto the back, poked (戳) the eyes of the crocodile and finally got his wife free.
Mrs Pethrick was later taken to Royal Darwin Hospital for a medical treatment. The doctors said she was suffering eight puncture wounds (伤口) in her right leg, a puncture wound in her left leg and a serious cut to one of her fingers.
“This could have been a fatal and tragic situation, ” said the general manager of Royal Darwin Hospital (RDH), Dr Len Notaras, according to a local report.
He said Mrs Pethrick was saved by her husband’s “quick and diligent actions”.
Dr Notaras also said she would remain in hospital for three to four days and have an operation to clean the wounds, which are easy to get infected because of bacteria (细菌) on the teeth of the crocodile.
D-21This passage is most likely to be found in .
A
a travel guide
B
a newspaper
C
a textbook
D
a novel
正确答案：B学生答案：B
老师点评：
答案解析：
文章出处题。根据第一段中的“a local newspaper reported”可知，这是一篇新闻报道。故选B。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：中等得分：2
22
阅读D-21题干中Passage Two材料，完成本题。
D-22. The crocodile attacked Mrs Pethrick when she was .
A
swimming in the river
B
standing on the river bank
C
watching the crocodile
D
fishing in the water
正确答案：B学生答案：B
老师点评：
答案解析：
细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Mrs Pethrick was standing on a river bank Wednesday afternoon when the saltwater crocodile lunged(扑)...”，可知鳄鱼袭击Mrs Pethrick时，她正站在河边。故选B。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：中等得分：2
23
阅读D-21题干中Passage Two材料，完成本题。
D-23. Which of the following statements is TRUE about Mrs Pethrick?
A
Her eyes were badly poked.
B
She had eight wounds altogether.
C
One of her fingers also got hurt.
D
One of the crocodile’s teeth was found in her leg.
正确答案：C学生答案：C
老师点评：
答案解析：
细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The doctors said she was suffering eight puncture wounds(伤口) in her right leg，a puncture wound in her left leg and a serious cut to one of her fingers.”可知，她右腿有8处伤口，左腿有一处伤，还有一个手指受伤严重。故选C。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：中等得分：2
24
阅读D-21题干中Passage Two材料，完成本题。
D-24. According to the passage，Norm Pethrick can be described as following EXCEPT .
A
brave
B
diligent
C
quick
D
humorous
How do you address(称呼) people in English when you want to talk to them? The following may be some simple rules the beginners should follow.
1. When talking to strangers there is often no special form of address in English. Usually, if you want to catch the attention of a stranger it is necessary to use such phrases as “Excuse me”.
2. In British English “Sir” and “Madam” are considered to be too formal(正式) for most situations. They are used mostly to customers(顾客) in shops or restaurants. While in American English “Sir” and “Madam” are not so formal and are commonly used between strangers, especially with older people whose names you don’t know.
3. When you talk to some people you know, you can use their names. If you are friends, use their first names; if your relationship is more formal, use “Mr”, “Mrs”, “Ms”, etc, before their family names.
4. There are many other forms of address which can be used between friends and strangers. However, many of these are limited in use. For example, “pal” and “mate” can be used between strangers, but are usually only used by men talking to other men.
D-28. According to the passage, “Excuse me” is mainly used to _____.
A
address a person you don’t know
B
apologize to others
C
catch the attention of a stranger
D
suggest good manners
正确答案：C学生答案：C
老师点评：
答案解析：
细节理解题。根据第1条 if you want to catch the attention of a strange it is necessary to use such phrases as “Excuse me” 可知答案为 C。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：中等得分：2
29
阅读D-28题干中Passage Four材料，完成本题。
D-29. If John Smith is your best friend, according to the passage you should often call him _____.
A
John
B
Smith
C
Mr John
D
Mr Smith
正确答案：A学生答案：A
老师点评：
答案解析：
细节理解题。根据第3条 If you are friends, use their first names 可知答案为 A。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：中等得分：2
30
阅读D-28题干中Passage Four材料，完成本题。
D-30. Which of the following is NOT true?
A
“Sir” and “Madam” are used more often in America than in England.
B
People often use “Mr”, “Mrs” or “Ms” before the first names of those people who they don’t know very well.
C
“Pal” and “mate” are usually only used between men.
D
While addressing friends, people just use their first names
Farley worked for the Canadian government. One day, he was D-31 to learn more about wolves. Do wolves kill lots of caribou（北美驯鹿）? Do they kill people?
They gave him lots of food and clothes and guns. Then they put him on a plane and took him to D-32. The plane put him down and went away. There were no houses or people in this place. But there were lots of animals and lots of wolves.
People tell terrible stories about wolves. They say wolves like to kill and eat people. Farley remembered these stories, and he was D-33. He had his gun with him D-34.
Then one day, he saw a group of wolves. There was a mother wolf with four baby wolves. A father wolf and another young wolf lived with them.
Farley watched these wolves every day. The mother was a very D-35 mother. She gave milk to her babies. She gave them lessons about life. They learned how to D-36 food. The father wolf got food for the mother. The young wolf D-37 the children. They were a nice, happy family—wolf family! Farley did not need his D-38 anymore. In a short time, he got on well with the family. Farley watched them for five months. He learned that many stories about the wolves were D-39. Wolves do not eat people, and they do not eat many large animals. And he also learned bad things about men. It was men who killed many caribou and wolves.
Later, Farley wrote a book about wolves. He wanted people to D-40 them and not to kill them.
D-31. Which one is the best to fill in the blank？
A
seen
B
told
C
heard
D
found
正确答案：B学生答案：B
老师点评：
答案解析：
Farley是政府工作人员。从上下文得知, 他是被派去进行调查和研究狼的习性的，故选told。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：中等得分：2
32
阅读D-31题干中材料，完成本题。
D-32. Which one is the best to fill in the blank？
A
a small town
B
a big city
C
a far place
D
a lonely village
正确答案：C学生答案：C
老师点评：
答案解析：
根据下文飞机把Farley送到了一个没有房屋和人的地方, 说明了这个地方不可能是城市、小镇和村庄，故a far place为正确答案。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：中等得分：2
33
阅读D-31题干中材料，完成本题。
D-33. Which one is the best to fill in the blank？
A
afraid
B
happy
C
angry
D
tired
正确答案：A学生答案：A
老师点评：
答案解析：
狼吃人的恐怖故事给孤身一人的Farley带来的应是afraid。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：中等得分：2
34
阅读D-31题干中材料，完成本题。
D-34.Which one is the best to fill in the blank？
A
at times
B
all the time
C
once a week
D
every afternoon
正确答案：B学生答案：B
老师点评：
答案解析：
因为Farley害怕, 所以枪应始终不能离身。all the time意为“一直、始终”。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：中等得分：2
35
阅读D-31题干中材料，完成本题。
D-35.Which one is the best to fill in the blank？
A
bad
B
good
C
hungry
D
thirsty
正确答案：B学生答案：B
老师点评：
答案解析：
根据下文的描述，狼妈妈给孩子们喂奶，对孩子们进行训练，可见是一位好妈妈，故选good。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：中等得分：2
36
阅读D-31题干中材料，完成本题。
D-36. Which one is the best to fill in the blank？
A
cook
B
make
C
get
D
pick
正确答案：C学生答案：C
老师点评：
答案解析：
狼只能猎取食物, 而不能烧食物, 生产食物。get合乎文意，为正确答案。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：中等得分：2
37
阅读D-31题干中材料，完成本题。
D-37. Which one is the best to fill in the blank？
A
shouted at
B
looked into
C
laughed at
D
played with
正确答案：D学生答案：D
老师点评：
答案解析：
shout at意为“朝……大声叫喊”；look into意为“调查、观察”；laugh at意为“嘲笑……”。这三个词组都不符文意。play with意为“和……一起玩耍”，合文意为正确答案。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：中等得分：2
38
阅读D-31题干中材料，完成本题。
D-38. Which one is the best to fill in the blank？
A
food
B
clothes
C
gun
D
plane
正确答案：C学生答案：C
老师点评：
答案解析：
the nice happy wolf family让Farley不再害怕，因此也就不再需要枪了，故选择gun.。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：中等得分：2
39
阅读D-31题干中材料，完成本题。
D-39.Which one is the best to fill in the blank？
A
not good
B
not true
C
not easy
D
not clear
正确答案：B学生答案：B
老师点评：
答案解析：
因为他的亲身体验与他所听到的相违背，说明以前关于狼的说法是不对的, 故选not true。
题型：单选题客观题分值2分难度：中等得分：2
40
阅读D-31题干中材料，完成本题。
D-40.Which one is the best to fill in the blank?
A
grow
B
have
C
teach
D
understand