出自:国家开放大学开放英语
A study (21) _____________ that fitness is the key (22)______ long life, irrespective of body shape or even smokinghabits. Researchers discovered that people (23) _________exercise live longer than those who do not, (24) __________they are overweight and smoke.The study found that the least fit of the 6,000 middle-aged men in the study were five times (25) _____________ todie within six years of the start of the research than thefittest. This was true whether or not the men had heartproblems, smoked or (26) ______ overweight. Scientistsconcluded that it was better to be fat and active than skinnyand sedentary. Dr Ken Cooper, a fitness expert, said, "Youare better off smoking a packet of cigarettes a day and (27)__________ regularly than being a non-smoker andsedentary." Although he adds, " But don.t misunderstandme. I am not endorsing smoking. I am trying to tell you howdangerous it is to be sedentary."(28) ________, the study appears to fly in the face ofresearch last year which concluded that more than 30,000people die prematurely every year in Britain from illnessescaused by being overweight.The British Government is putting pressure onmanufacturers (29) ____________ high levels of sugar in foodand to restrict thehard-sell of junk food to children in order to improve thenation.s health. But the new study suggests the Government(30)__________ more people to exercise.
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The world’s urban population, (1) 1 at four times the rate of rural populations, will double in the period 1990 - 2025, to over five billion. Consequently, (2) 2 of the people of the world will live in cities, some of (3) 3 will be huge. Moreover, about 90% of the growth will be in developing countries. This growth, adding around 60 million people per year (4) 4 city populations, will be mainly in Southeast Asia and Africa. The consequences are dramatic. This is change on a scale never before (5) 5 , bringing with it considerable challenges and opportunities.
Why does this growth happen? Most of it results (6) 6 internal migration rather than the international movement of people, and is caused by a variety of push and pull factors.
One push factor is due to pressure (7) 7 land availability. Improved health brings population growth, causing people to move out of rural areas. Others move because of climate change or poor farming methods which often result in deforestation and flooding. Such changes can alter the social structure, leading people (8) 8 move. Furthermore, civil war or regional conflicts also cause disruption, driving people out of rural areas.
On the other hand, there are the pull factors. Cities attract people because of the demand (9) 9 labour in the manufacturing and service industries. As a result, they offer a higher standard of living (10) 10 the lucky ones. Cities also tend to offer greater personal freedom.
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