出自:国开作业公共政策概论
Ieoh Ming Pei is definitely one of the biggest names in architecture. Born in China in 1917, Pei was the son of a prominent banker. He grew up mostly in Hong Kong and Shanghai. At the age of 17, Pei left for the United States to study architecture at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and then Harvard University. Pei attracted great attention in the US for the John F. Kennedy Library in Boston, but it was the Louvre Pyramid that brought him worldwide fame. In 1981, the newly elected President of France came up with an ambitious plan for a variety of construction projects, including the renovation of the Louvre Museum. Pei was invited to join the renovating team. Pei finally agreed to take on the project after three secretive trips to Paris. Pei designed not only a glass and steel pyramid to serve as the entrance to the Louvre, but also a transformation of the interiors. The public reacted harshly to the design, mostly because of the proposed pyramid. In an attempt to soothe public anger, Pei took a suggestion from then-mayor of Paris and placed a full-sized model of the pyramid in the courtyard of the Louvre. During the four days of its exhibition, an estimated 60,000 people visited the site. Critics eased their opposition after witnessing the proposed scale of the pyramid. The new entrance was opened to the public in March, 1989. By that time, public opinion had softened on the Pyramid; a poll found a 56 percent approval rating for the pyramid. “The much-feared pyramid has become adorable,” wrote a French writer. The experience was exhausting for Pei, but also rewarding. “After the Louvre,” Pei said later, “I thought no project would be too difficult.” Now the Louvre Pyramid is Pei.s most famous structure.
1-1、Pei became famous for he was elected by the President John F. Kennedy to design a library.
A、T
B、F
1Lynne Shaner used the Internet to buy everything she needed for her wedding and holiday gifts for her husband and step-daughter. Other than food, 90 percent of her purchases are made on the computer in her Washington apartment. “I find that, by being able to go online and choose the things that I need to choose, and have them delivered to me right at my doorstep, I eliminate all the driving, all the crowds, all the noise of that, and I usually get a better selection,” Shaner explained. Analysts say US online shopping has hit records in November and December. Fifty-seven percent of Americans have made at least one online purchase. Traditional merchants worry that the growing e-commerce will shrink their share of the market. Cornell University Marketing Professor Ed McLaughlin says they have reason for concern. “Anything that can move online will go. It is just a matter of time,” he stated. McLaughlin says traditional stores can keep their customers by offering goods like clothing, which customers may want to see and try on before purchasing — as well as items that are difficult to ship. He says some bricks and mortar stores are also pleasing customers with services that set up or repair computers and electronics. Traditional stores also offer a social experience that some shoppers enjoy. “Oftentimes, you need that last sense of ‘this is exactly what I want’ before you part with your money,” he said. “And you can.t always get that online. It.s a rather cold process. Traditional stores can also deliver goods more quickly than online retailers,” Martin says. And smart merchants are using stores to guide customers to websites and using their websites to encourage customers to visit their stores. While e-commerce worries some merchants, it.s a huge boost for delivery services like FedEx and UPS. UPS Manager Dana Kline says e-commerce means her company is even busier than usual this time of year. “We are expecting 28 million pieces on their peak day, which is December 20, which is up about a million from last year,” she noted. UPS is so busy that it.s hiring 55,000 temporary workers during the holiday season to deliver gifts. Those packages are headed for homes, including Lynne Shaner.s purchase.
1-1、Analysts say____ has hit records in November and December.
A、traditional shopping in America
B、online shopping in UK
C、online shopping in America
Five Tips to Make Your House Look Greener There are plenty of ways to make your house look greener. It doesn.t matter how many people reside in your home. It doesn.t even matter what is the size of your home. What matters is how your house looks and how it affects you and others residing in it. It is very necessary to make your house look greener because it has a direct impact on your health. If you keep your house greener, you will get rid of many dangerous diseases. Here are some ways to keep it greener. 1. Good and reliable Interior Indoor material, like windows, doors, cupboards, etc. must be of good quality. These things play an important role to clean the house. Doors and cupboards must be of high quality wood. Aluminium windows must be used. You must use high-quality paints for walls, doors, windows and cupboards. 2. Using wider windows and doors for ventilation. Oxygen is a necessary element to enable you to live alive. For healthy life, windows and doors must be wide and usually be kept open at least for 15 hours a day, as ventilation of air makes you fresh and healthy. 3. Placing plants especially flowers at various places No one wants an empty house, and plants definitely play a refreshing role. First, the plants provide you with oxygen necessary for survival. Second, plants and especially flowers spread heart-attracting fragrance. All unhealthy odors are eradicated from your home and you feel fresh whenever you are inside it. Flowers also make your home interior look more appealing. 4. Disposing off wastes away from home regularly. It.s very important to throw away household wastes far from your house every day. When wastes are kept untouched for many days, they attract bacteria and viruses. Flies and mosquitoes also start gathering and increasing at such places. As a result, diseases are caused. 5. Using anti-bacterial materials for washing floors and contents. Usually unclean fans, floors and walls breed bacteria and viruses, which are then carried by flies and mosquitoes. These carriers then infect the humans by contact through contaminated food or direct attacks on human body. It.s always recommended to use anti-bacterial or anti-viral cleaners for fans, floors, walls, laptops, and TVs.
1-1、A green home is closely to the size of your home.
A、T
B、F
This summer at the largest urban mall in London, visitors may notice something different at their feet. Twenty bright green rubber tiles will decorate one of the outdoor walkways at the mall. Next to it lies the new Olympic stadium in east London. The squares aren.t just ornamental. They are designed to collect the energy created by pedestrians. It is estimated that 40 million pedestrians will use that walkway in a year. It will generate several hundred kilowatt-hours of electricity from the footsteps. That.s enough to power half the mall.s out-door lighting. The tiles were developed and produced in 2009 by a 26-year-old Londoner. The 17.7-by-23.6-inch tiles are designed to be used wherever pedestrians gather en masse: transportation hubs such as train, subway, and bus stations, airports, schools,malls. The power is generated from millions of footfalls. It can be used to power a range of lightings, signs ,digital ads ,etc. Nearly 30 such projects have been installed in Europe.For two years now, four of its tiles have lined a hallway at a school near London. They collect energy from footfalls of its 1,100 students to keep the corridor lit. Music festival attendees’ footfalls have also been controlled to charge cell phones and power lights.
1-1、According to the passage, what’s the difference will the visitors notice at the largest urban mall this summer?
A、Twenty dark gray rubber tiles will decorate one of the outdoor walkways at the mall.
B、Twenty bright green plastic tiles will decorate one of the outdoor walkways at the mall.
C、Twenty bright green wooden tiles will decorate one of the outdoor walkways at the mall.
In the home of the future, you can skip the keys. Just tap your phone, your door swings open. A new company with a high-powered designer is hoping to take that vision to the masses. That company, August, introduced its version of the so-called smart-lock to the public last week. The lock is the brainchild of CEO Jason Johnson and renowned designer Yves Béhar. While people may like the idea of smart homes, according to research firm IHS, only 5.6 million smart platforms have been installed globally. But the number is expected to rise to 44.6 million by 2018. Smooth and round, August.s lock allows users to unlock their doors by using their phones. Customers can also let in a babysitter or a maid by issuing them a temporary wireless key. “We.re approaching it as a consumer product rather than a piece of technology,” says Béhar. The lock, which uses Bluetooth, fits smoothly over an old-fashioned door with the help of two screws and some wing flaps so customers can retrofit their doors without altering the appearance. Users open the door by holding their phone app up to the lock or tapping a button on their phone screen. August has raised over $10 million in venture capital funding for their lock. It faces a lot of competition from both well-established brands and startups. Yale has its own line of smart locks while Kwikset released its smart-lock, Kevo, last year. Meanwhile, start-up Goji plans to release a sleekly designed smart-lock that will take pictures of people who knock on your door and send the pictures to your phone. This lock is August.s first product, but they don.t seem too worried about the competition. “We.d love to see other people enter this market,” says Johnson. “It helps us if more people start using smart locks.” He adds: “We.re about changing the way you interact with your home. We have keyless cars, why not keyless homes?”
1-1、August introduced its version of the_____to the public.
A、so-called smart-car
B、so-called smart-lock
C、so-called smart-phone