出自:东北农业大学大学英语Ⅲ
A. Many visitors finds the fast pace at which American people move very troubling. One.s first impression is likely to be that everyone is in a rush .City people always appear to be hurrying to get where they are going and are very impatient if they are delayed even for a brief moment.
At first, this may seem unfriendly to you . But drivers will rush you ; storekeepers will be in a hurry as they serve you ; people will push past you as they walk along the street . You will miss smiles, brief conversations with people as you shop or dine away from home . Do not think that because Americans are in such a hurry they are unfriendly. Often , life is much slower outside the big cities, as is true in other countries as well.
Americans who live in cities such as New York, Chicago, or Los Angeles, often think that everyone is equally in a hurry to get things done; they expect others to "push back", just as city people do in Tokyo, Singapore or Paris, for example . But when they discover that you are a stranger, most Americans become quite kindly and will take great care to help you. Many of them first came to the city as strangers and they remember how frightening a new city can be .If you need help or want to ask a question , choose a friendly looking person and say," I am a stranger here. Can you help me ?"
Most people will stop, smile at you, and help you find you way or answer your questions. But you must let them know that you need help. Otherwise they are likely to pass you by, not noticing that you are new to the city and in need of help. Occasionally, you may find someone too busy or perhaps too rushed to give you aid. If this happens, do not be discouraged; just ask someone else. Most Americans enjoy helping a stranger.
31. Many people who first visit the United States will find that _______.
A) America is a highly developed country
B) American city people seem to be always in a rush
C) the fast pace in American life often causes much trouble
D) Americans are impatient and unfriendly people
32.When the author says " You will miss smile ", he means ___________.
A) you will fail to notice that Americans are pleasant and happy
B) you will be puzzled why Americans do not smile at you
C) you will feel that Americans do not seem very friendly
D) you will find that Americans don.t have much sense of humor
33. In the author.s opinion, ___________.
A) it is true that life in New York is much faster than that in any other city
B) people living outside big cities are lazy and miserable
C) most American people enjoy living in the suburbs of big cities
D) those who are busy are not necessarily unfriendly
34. The author mentions big cities such as Tokyo, Singapore and Paris ___________.
A) to show that city people all over the world have a lot in common
B) to let his readers be aware that they are some of the world.s biggest cities
C) to illustrate their difference from American cities
D) because they are some of the cities that attract visitors most
35. If you say to an American that you are a stranger there, most probably be will _________.
A) offer his help
B) stop smiling at you
C) help you find the way
D) reply that he is pleased to meet you
. In response to his summons(传唤,召唤), I had entered the room and shut the door quietly behind me. There was a pause of complete stillness in which the buzzing (嗡嗡声)of the bees among the pink roses sounded as loud as a flight of aircraft.
I said, “Grandfather?” on a note of painful hesitation.
His voice was harsh when he spoke, and the words uncompromising, but I had seen him wet his lips and make the attempt twice, “Well, Annabel?”
I went quickly across the room and knelt down beside the sofa and put my hands on his lap on top of the plaid(方格呢)rug. His thin hand, with its prominent blue-knotted veins(静脉), came down hard over mine, surprisingly strong and warm.
In the end it was easy to know what to say. I said quite simply, “I’m sorry, Grandfather. Will you have me hack?”
The hand moved, holding mine together even more tightly. “If I said no,” said Grandfather, “it would be no more than you deserve.” He cleared his throat violently. “We thought you were dead.”
“I’m sorry.”
His other hand reached forward and lifted my chin. He studied my face, turning it towards the light of the window. I bit my lip and waited, not meeting his gaze. He said nothing for a long time, then, as harshly as before, “You’ve been unhappy, haven’t you?”
I nodded. He let me go, and at last I was able to put my forehead down on the rug so that he couldn’t see my face. He said, “So have we,” and fell silent patting my hand.
36. The passage is taken from a story about a girl who has _____________.
A) had a date and returned home late
B) got married and come to see her grandfather
C) made her grandfather angry and now come to apologize
D) run away from home and returned
37. We can infer from the passage that when .Annabel enters the room she _________.
A) doesn’t know what to say to her grandfather
B) believes her grandfather will forgive her
C) is prepared to get a good scolding
D) is surprised that her grandfather is so easy to talk to
38. In the passage, the “rug” (Para. 4) is ___________.
A) a floor covering B) a kind of blanket
C) a tablecloth D) a cushion
39. We can infer from the passage that Annabel’s grandfather ____________.
A) is very strict with her
B) is too uncompromising to excuse anyone’s mistakes
C) is passionless
D) has tender affection for Annabel
40. Which of the following best descries the relationship between Annabel and her family?
A) Annabel’s family treats her unfairly.
B) Annabel and her family resent one another.
C) Annabel and her family love each other.
D) Annabel and her family will never yield to each other.
Today’s kids absorb lots of messages, values and attitudes from the media and from friends. Advertisements whet their appetite for many things they don’t need. What they do need is an understanding of the value of the dollar.
How do kids learn to be economically savvy (机智的) ? Most schools do not teach the financial facts of life; it’s up to parents to help kids grow into responsible and skillful money earners, savers and spenders.
To learn about money, kids first need to have some. Early on, parents often hand out money on an as-needed basis. But experts say paying a regular allowance is the best way to teach children the meaning of money, how to use it and how to plan. Some call it “learning capital”.
A child is ready for an allowance around age five or six, when he becomes aware of the relationship between money and shopping, can differentiate coins, can add and subtract, has spending opportunities and asks parents to buy him things.
How much allowance? Some experts recommend giving a dollar for each year of age, but Sharon Danes, a professor at the University of Minnesota disagrees: “I think $ 5 a week is too much for a five-year-old, and $15 is probably not enough for a 15-year-old.” What’s right for the child depends on three factors: the child’s level of development, what the parents can afford, and what the parents expect him to pay for.
Whatever the amount, kids will soon feel they need more. But Sharon Danes insists that children don’t need an automatic raise each year. “There’s no lesson to be learned when children expect an increase just because they’re a year older,” she says. “The reason for getting a greater part of the family-income pie is so they can learn more about balancing demands and resources.”
41. In Para. 1, “whet their appetite” most probably means ____________.
A) make them wish for more B) spoil their appetite
C) sharpen their sensation D) stimulate their consuming power
42. What is the best way for children to learn to be economically savvy?
A) Parents don’t give them money until they really need it.
B) Children are taught the financial facts of life at school.
C) Parents regularly give them a certain amount of money.
D) Parents help children become skillful money earners.
43. At the age of five or six, children are capable of all the following EXCEPT _____.
A) identifying the face value of money
B) solving simple arithmetic problems
C) knowing that with money they can get things from stores
D) going shopping themselves
44. What is Professor Sharon Danes’ attitude toward the proposal of giving children a dollar for each year of age?
A) She believes this will surely encourage children to ask for more.
B) She doubts whether there is such thing as “right amount” for parents to give to their children.
C) She thinks it is unnecessary to increase the amount each year.
D) She insists that children can only get money when they study well.
45. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the last sentence of the passage?
A) The purpose of giving children money is to let them know more about how to use money and how to plan.
B) If they want to get more from the family income, they must have enough knowledge of family economy.
C) Children can get more money on the condition that they are able to balance demands and resources.
D) To give children more money is to make them understand the importance of balancing demands and resources.
Suppose we built a robot (机器人) to explore the planet Mars. We provide the robot with seeing detectors to keep it away from danger. It is powered entirely by the sun. Should we program the robot to be equally active at all times? No. The robot would be using up energy at a time when it was not receiving any. So we would probably program it to cease its activity at night and to wake up at dawn the next morning.
According to the evolutionary (进化的) theory of sleep, evolution equipped us with a regular pattern of sleeping and waking for the same reason. The theory does not deny (否认) that sleep provides some important restorative functions. It merely says that evolution has programmed us to perform those functions at a time when activity would be inefficient and possibly dangerous. However, sleep protects us only from the sort of trouble we might walk into; it does not protect us from trouble that comes looking for us. So we sleep well when we are in familiar, safe place, but we sleep lightly, if at all, when we fear that bears will nose into the tent.
The evolutionary theory accounts well for differences in sleep among creatures. Why do cats, for instance, sleep so much, while horses sleep so little? Surely cats do not need five times as much repair and restoration as horses do. But cats can afford to have long periods of inactivity because they spend little time eating and are unlikely to be attacked while they sleep. Horses must spend almost all their waking hours eating, because what they eat is very low in energy value. Moreover, they cannot afford to sleep too long or too deeply, because their survival depends on their ability to run away from attackers.
46. The author uses the example of the robot in space exploration to tell us ______.
A) the differences between robots and men
B) the reason why men need to sleep
C) about the need for robots to save power
D) about the danger of men working at night
47. Evolution has programmed man to sleep at night chiefly to help him ______.
A) maintain a regular pattern of life
B) prevent trouble that comes looking for him
C) avoid danger and inefficient labor
D) restore his bodily functions
48. According to the author, we cannot sleep well when we _____.
A) are worrying about our safety
B) are overworked
C) are in a tent
D) are away from home
49. Cats sleep much more than horses do partly because cats _____.
A) need more time for restoration
B) are unlikely to be attackers
C) are more active than horses when they are awake
D) spend less time eating to get enough energy
50. Which of the following is the main idea of the passage? ______.
A) Evolution has equipped all creatures with a regular pattern of sleeping and waking.
B) The study of sleep is an important part of the evolutionary theory.
C) Sleeping patterns must be taken into consideration in the designing of robots.
D) The sleeping pattern of a living creature is determined by the food it eats.
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies-and other creatures-learn to do things because certain acts lead to “rewards”; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective reward, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological (生理的) “drives” as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink of some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to “reward” the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children’s responses in situations where on milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement “switched on”. A display of lights-and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many three turns to one side.
Papousek’s light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would “smile and bubble” when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.
51. According to the author, babies learn to do things which _____.
A) are directly related to pleasure
B) will meet their physical needs
C) will bring them a feeling of success
D) will satisfy their curiosity
52. Papousek noticed in his studies that a baby _____.
A) would make learned responses when it saw the milk
B) would carry out learned movements when it had enough to drink
C) would continue the simple movements without being given milk
D) would turn its head to right or left when it had enough to drink
53. In Papousek’s experiment babies make learned movements of the head in order to ______.
A) have the lights turned on
B) be rewarded with milk
C) please their parents
D) be praised
54. The babies would “smile and bubble” at the lights because ______.
A) the lights were directly related to some basic “drives”
B) the sight of the lights was interesting
C) they need not turn back to watch the lights
D) they succeeded in “switching on” the lights
55. According to Papousek, the pleasure babies get in achieving something is a reflection of _____.
A) a basic human desire to understand and control the world
B) the satisfaction of certain physiological needs
C) their strong desire to solve complex
D) a fundamental human urge to display their learned skills
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper, you should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
One summer night, on my way home from work I decided to see a movie. I knew the theatre would be air-conditioned and I couldn’t face my __56_ apartment.
Sitting in the theatre I had to look through the __57_ between the two tall heads in front of me. I had to keep changing the __58_ every time she leaned over to talk to him, __59_ he leaned over to kiss her. Why do Americans display such __60 in a public place?
I thought the movie would be good for my English, but _61__ it turned out, it was an Italian movie. _62__ about an hour I decided to give up on the movie and __63_ on my popcorn (爆玉米花). I’ve never understood why they give you so much popcorn! It tasted pretty good, __64_. After a while I heard _65__ more of the romantic-sounding Italians. I just heard the __66_ of the popcorn crunching (咀嚼) between my teeth. My thought started to _67_. I remembered when I was in South Korea (韩国), I _68__ to watch Kojak on TV frequently. He spoke perfect Korean--- I was really amazed. He seemed like a good friend to me, _69__ I saw him again in New York speaking __70_ English instead of perfect Korean. He didn’t even have a Koran accent and I _71__ like I had been betrayed.
When our family moved to the United States six years ago, none of us spoke any English. _72__ we had begun to learn a few words, my mother suggested that we all should speak English at home. Everyone agreed, but our house became very _73__ and we all seemed to avoid each other. We sat at the dinner table in silence, preferring that to __74__ in a difficult language. Mother tried to say something in English but it __75_ out all wrong and we all burst into laughter and decided to forget it! We’ve been speaking Korean at home ever since.
56. A) warm B) hot C) heated D) cool
57. A) crack B) blank C) break D) opening
58. A) aspect B) view C) space D) angle
59. A) while B) whenever C) or D) and
60. A) attraction B) attention C) affection D) motion
61. A) since B) when C) what D) as
62. A) Within B) After C) For D) Over
63. A) concentrate B) chew C) fix D) taste
64. A) too B) still C) though D) certainly
65. A) much B) any C) no D) few
66. A) voice B) sound C) rhythm D) tone
67. A) wonder B) wander C) imagine D) depart
68. A) enjoyed B) happened C) turned D) used
69. A) until B) because C) then D) therefore
70. A) artificial B) informal C) perfect D) practical
71. A) felt B) looked C) seemed D) appeared
72. A) While B) If C) Before D) Once
73. A) empty B) quiet C) stiff D) calm
74. A) telling B) uttering C) saying D) speaking
75. A) worked B) got C) came D) made
Mark felt that it was time for him to take part in his community, so he went to the neighborhood meeting after work.. The area.s city councilwoman (女议员) was leading a discussion about how the quality of life was decreasing . The neighborhood faced many problems.
Mark looked at the charts taped to the walls. There are charts for parking problems, crime, and for problems in vacant buildings . People were supposed to suggest solutions to the councilwoman..
It was too much for Mark. " The problems are too big ," he thought . He turned to the man next to him and said, "I think this is a waste of my time . Nothing I could do would make a difference here."
Mark thought some more on his way to the bus stop. "People should just take care of themselves , " he decided. "That.s enough to do . I can.t take on all the problems of the world."
As he neared the bus stop, Mark saw a woman carrying a grocery bag and baby. She was trying to unlock her car, but she didn.t have a free hand . As Mark got closer, her other child , a littlle boy , suddenly darted into the street. The woman tried to reach for him, but as she moved, her bag shifted and groceries started to fall out . Mark ran to take the boy.s arm and led him back to his mother. Then he picked up the groceries while the woman smiled in relief. "Thanks!" she said . " You.ve got great timing!"
" Just being neighborly," Mark said . As he rode home, he glanced at the walls of the bus. On one of them was " Small acts of kindness add up ." Mark smiled and thought, " Maybe that.s a good place to start."
31. It is known from the passage that _________.
A) Mark played an active part in community activities
B) the city councilwoman was responsible for the falling of life quality
C) visual aids were used to display the seriousness of problems
D) many people were discouraged by the many problems facing them
32.In Mark.s opinion , ___________.
A) nobody was so able as to solve the problems
B) he was not in the position to solve such problems
C) many people were too selfish to think about others
D) he already had more than enough work to do
33. The word "darted" in paragraph 5 can be best replaced by _________.
A) " walked "
B) " marched "
C) "wandered "
D) " dashed "
34 What is the implication of the words on the bus wall?
A) You should be kind to your neighbors and they will treat you the same way.
B) Everyone can play his own part to make things better.
C) All small acts will add up to kindness.
D) It.s a small act to help a person in need.
35. The passage is mainly about ____________.
A) how individuals can help make a difference
B) running a neighborhood meeting to solve its problems
C) citizens. reactions to the problems they face
D) solving problems through group action
Lord Woolf, the most senior judge in Britain believes that the civil courts are a nightmare for those trapped in their procedures. The average High Court case takes more than three years from the legal document to trial. Many personal injury cases take twice as long. The costs of these legal cases are out of proportion to the stakes. Lawyer’s fees in personal injury cases amount to more than half the claim. Some multinational (跨国的) companies complain that the British court system is slower and more expensive than any other.
The new Lord Chief Justice, Lord Bingham, describes the excessive costs of civil litigation (诉讼) as a cancer eating at the heart of the administration of justice. His point is that when justice is expensive, most people do not have access to it. These days, only the very rich or the very poor (whose costs will be paid by the state) can afford to go to court. Rising costs, therefore, also means a growing burden on the taxpayer: public expenditure on civil legal aid has increased a lot since 1983.
Cases have allowed running on and on because, at present, the lawyers set the pace, and they have no interest in seeing a quick result. Lord Woolf’s remedy is to shift control of litigation (诉讼)from lawyers to judges.
Quicker, cheaper justice is in almost everybody’s interests; but there will be opposition from two sources. The Treasury (财政部)is worried that, even though the court costs per case should fail, the costs to the state of the system as a whole will probably rise: there will have to be more judges, more staff members in the court, and the court system will need to be computerized. But such objections can be easily met. Higher court costs could be passed onto the litigants who would still pay less overall because their lawyer bills would be so much smaller.
Opposition may also come from lawyers. Some of them will complain that handing power to the courts will restrict their ability to represent their client’s interests. If justice is cheaper, it will also be rougher. Such an outcome is possible, but it is far from inevitable. In any case, the finest legal system in the world would still not provide justice if most people do not have access to it.
36. Lord Woolf describes the British court system as a nightmare because _________.
A) many people are trapped in its procedures
B) it takes at least 3 years before any court decision is made
C) it is expensive and inefficient
D) it is irresponsible and indifferent
37. As a result of the high costs of civil litigation, _____________.
A) the poor are actually not protected by law
B) few people in Britain go to court
C) justice is hardly existent in Britain
D) most people can not afford to go to court
38. In order to avoid the delay of cases, Lord Woolf suggests that _________.
A) lawyer’ s fees be reduced
B) judges take over the control of litigation
C) lawyers no longer set the pace
D) the court prescribes a time limit for each case
39. Lord Woolf’s remedy is opposed to by lawyers because ___________.
A) the cheaper a thing is, the poorer the quality will be
B) the court will restrict their ability to represent their client’ s interests
C) the costs to the state of the system as a whole will probably rise
D) the lack of money and time will result in a decline in the quality of their work
40. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the last sentence of the passage?
A) In dealing with any legal cases, the finest legal system is not necessarily the most efficient if people do not have faith in it.
B) It is not always the case that the best legal system is still able to provide justice even if most people do not have access to it.
C) Whatever happens, the finest legal system in the world will not do people justice if people do not go to court.
D) No matter how good a legal system is, it would not be able to perform its duty if people are denied access to it.
A number of recent books have reworked subjects, forms and writing techniques. Today.s children read stories about divorce, death, drugs, air pollution, political extremism and violence. Relying on the magic of the illustrator, all kinds of books are being published.
Before they know to read, babies can play with books made of cloth or books made to take in the bath. Later on, they are given picture books that may be cubical（立方形）or triangular, outsized or very small. They also like work-books which come with watercolors and paintbrushes, and comic books（漫画册）filled with details where they have to spot a figure hidden among thousands of others.
Not that the traditional children.s books are being neglected. There are still storybooks where the pages pop up（跳起）when they are opened, to make a forest or a castle. Among the latest ideas are interactive stories where readers choose the plot（情节）or ending they want, and books on CD, which are very popular in rich industrialized countries.
The public has enthusiastically greeted the wealth of creativity displayed by publishers. "Previously, giving a child a book as often seen as improper," says Canadian author Marie-France Hebért. Her books, published by a French-language publisher, sell like hot cakes in hundreds of thousands of copies. "There.s a real appetite for reading these days and I try to get across to children the passion for reading which is food for the mind and the heart, like a medicine or a vitamin."
41."Reworked" as used in Paragraph 1 means "___________________".
A) reworded
B) rewritten
C) processed
D) revised
42.In the second paragraph the author lists the kinds of books ___________________.
A) recently published
B) of various shapes
C) babies like
D) popular among children
43.Which of the following statements is true?
A) Books made of cloth came out earlier than picture books.
B) When you buy work-books you will be given free comic books.
C) Traditional children.s books are not being removed from market.
D) Babies cannot have books while taking a bath.
44. The expression "get across to children" in the last paragraph probably means "___________________".
A) pass on to children
B) make children believe
C) teach children
D) get around to children
45.The main idea of the last paragraph is that people have ___________________.
A) warmly welcomed the abundance of wealth shown by publishers
B) warmly welcomed the enormous amount of creativity shown by publishers
C) showed great enthusiasm in publishers of treat wealth
D) reacted strongly to the unlimited creativity of publishers
Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors(流星) but also because of rays from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere again acts as our protective blanket on earth. Light gets through, and this is essential for plants to make the food which we eat. Heat, too, makes our environment endurable. Various kinds of rays come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun are screened off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere, they are exposed to this radiation but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, do prevent a lot of radiation damage.
Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in space. The unit of radiation is called “rem”. Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than 0.1 rem without being damaged; the figure of 60 rems has been agreed on. The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage-a person may feel perfectly well, but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damage, and this will not be discovered until the birth of deformed children or even grandchildren. Missions of the Apollo flights have had to cross belts of high radiation, and during the outward and return journeys, the Apollo crew accumulated a large amount of rems. So far, no dangerous amounts of radiation have been reported, but the Apollo missions have been quite short. We simply do not know yet how men are going to get on when they spend weeks and months outside the protection of the atmosphere, working in a space laboratory. Drugs might help to decrease the damage done by radiation, but no really effective ones have been found so far.
46. According to the first paragraph, the atmosphere is essential to man in that ________________.
A) it protects him against the harmful rays from space
B) it provides sufficient light for plant growth
C) it supplies the heat necessary for human survival
D) it screens off the falling meteors
47. We know from the passage that _________________.
A) exposure to even tiny amounts of radiation is fatal
B) the effect of exposure to radiation is slow in coming
C) radiation is avoidable in space exploration
D) astronauts in spacesuits needn’t worry about radiation damage
48. The harm radiation has done to the Apollo crew members ______________.
A) is insignificant B) seems overestimated
C) is enormous D) remains unknown
49. It can be inferred from the passage that _________________.
A) the Apollo mission was very successful
B) protection from space radiation is no easy job
C) astronauts will have deformed children or grandchildren
D) radiation is not a threat to well-protected space explorers
50. The best title for this passage would be ___________________.
A) The Atmosphere and Our Environment
B) Research on Radiation
C) Effects of Space Radiation
D) Importance of Protection against Radiation