出自:人文英语4
Liu Hui interviews Dr. Smith about the issue of educational inequality.
Liu Hui: Thank you, Dr. Smith, for agreeing to be interviewed by our Campus News Weekly. First, what do you mean by educational inequality?
Dr. Smith: Educational inequality is the disparity that certain students experience in their education as compared to other students. But the meaning of it varies in different social contexts.
Liu Hui: Why does it exist in modern society?
Dr. Smith: Well, researchers link educational inequality to socioeconomic, racial and geographic reasons.
Liu Hui: So it is very likely that educational inequality exists in different forms in different countries.
Dr. Smith: Yeah, you are right. For example, in the United States, although skin color is linked to other forms of inequality, it is evident in education.
Liu Hui: Educational inequality exists in China, too. For example, the college entrance rate is much higher in Beijing than in other provinces. How do you think can we someday eradicate the inequality?
Dr. Smith: It.s impossible to answer such a big question in few words. Educational inequality has become one of the most important political and social issues in every nation nowadays. There have been numerous attempts at reforms and.....
1. Well, researchers link educational inequality to
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.
A. socioeconomic, racial and educational reasons
B. racial, economic and geographic reasons
C. racial, socioeconomic and geographic reasons
2. According to the passage,
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.
A. in the United States, skin color is linked to other forms of inequality, but not in education
B. in the United States, skin color is only linked to the form of inequality in education
C. in the United States, skin color is linked to the inequality in education
3. Educational inequality exists in
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.
A. China only
B. many countries
C. all the countries
4. What does the word “eradicate” mean in the passage?
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A. get rid of
B. cope with
C. carry out
5. What.s the attitude of Dr. Smith to the future of education equality?
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A. reserved
B. positive
C. negative
选择题
It can be really frustrating (使人沮丧的) for an overweight person to go to a gym and work out with a positive attitude. All one has to do is walk by almost any nice gym and notice all the healthy, sweating, “skinny” members. Sometimes they stare at those of us who are, well, zaftig. It is easy to see the judgment behind their eyes. Who wants to put up with that?
Many people are self-conscious of their bodies and feel isolated when joining workout classes of while exercising, especially if they are larger than most of the others in the group. Now the fitness industry is finally paying attention. Popular gyms are catering (迎合) to overweight and weight conscious customers by dedicating areas where the “skinny” people are not allowed.
There are even gyms or programs that require members to be at least 50 pounds overweight to participate.
Trainers recommend functional fitness as a practical goal, rather than six-pack abs(六块腹肌). They often use text messages to stay in touch with customers.
Often at these specialized gyms, the trainers are overweight themselves, or working on their own weight goals, and this can help those people with anxiety caused by poor body image. The equipment has been designed for use by larger people. Wider seats, more cushioning, no mirrors, and tinted (有色的) windows for privacy, are all important changes.
Hopefully these types of gyms will successfully grow in numbers in the future. The idea is a very simple and potentially popular one. If it helps those of us who are bigger exercise more and improve our fitness level, it.s a step in the right direction.
1. The word zaftig in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to
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.
A. fat
B. healthy
C. friendly
2. We can infer from the first two paragraphs that
回答
.
A. most large gym chains really don.t want members to show up frequently
B. overweight people are often frustrated and pushed away by traditional gym industry
C. regular gyms don.t accept overweight people to participate in their programs
3. What is the training goal in the gyms catering to overweight members?
回答
A. To achieve functional fitness.
B. To build six-pack abs.
C. To look like a fitness model.
4. As for the gyms catering to overweight members, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
回答
A. The machines are designed for larger people.
B. Tinted windows are used to ensure extra privacy.
C. There are large mirrors on the walls.
5. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
回答
A. Improving Women.s Self-confidence through Exercises.
B. The traditional Gym Industry Is Losing Its Customers.
C. Specialized Gyms Designed for Overweight People.
排序题
A. For many students
B. a major barrier
C. equality in access to education
D. different people
E. non-traditional students
The National Union of Students (NUS) welcomes the news that greater numbers of black and disabled students are studying at UK universities, but there is still a lot of work to be done on widening access, writes the union.s president, Gemma Tumelty.
A recent Department of Communities and Local Government (DCLG) equalities review showed that significant numbers of potential students felt their disability was
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to accessing higher education (HE). This is simply unacceptable.
Equality and diversity is not entirely a “numbers game” and before too much praise is given we need to hear more from
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, not just about their experience of accessing higher education but also going through the system.
Equality in society is absolutely, and fundamentally, linked to
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.
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, university is the place where they will be first exposed to different cultures and
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. As well as fighting for better access, the NUS wants to see diversity properly valued and promoted within the student experience. Many pay lip service to the value of diversity, but is this recognized and promoted as a core asset to those who go through the HE system?
Equality in society can be promoted by equality and diversity at university. But the benefits of university as a positive, diverse environment must be seen by students as adding “value” as much as any other factors before the numbers game is really won by the champions of diversity.
Babies who are breast-fed may be more likely to be successful in life, a new study published Tuesday suggests. The study followed more than 3,000 babies into adulthood in Brazil. The researchers found those who were breast-fed scored slightly higher in intelligence tests in their 30s, stayed in school longer and earned more money than those who were given formula（配方奶粉）.
“Breast-feeding not only has short-term benefits, but also breast-feeding has long-term benefits, ” says Bernardo Lessa Horta of the Federal University of Pelotas in Brazil, who led the study being published in The Lancet Global Health.
Doctors have long known that breast-feeding can be good for a baby.s health. This is especially true in poor countries, where water can be contaminated. For instance, a baby given formula in developing countries is 14 times more likely to die in the first six months than one who.s breast-fed. In the U.S., some research has suggested that breast-feeding may raise a baby.s IQ（智商）by a few points. But a recent study with siblings（兄弟姐妹）found little advantage to breast-feeding.
Horta says these previous studies didn.t follow children into adulthood to see if breast-feeding had long-term effects. So Horta analyzed data collected from 3,493 volunteers he and his colleagues have been following since birth. They are now in their 30s. First, the researchers gave the subjects IQ tests. Those who were breast-fed for 12 months or more had IQ test scores that were 3.76 points higher than those who were breast-fed for less than one month, the team found.
When Horta and his colleagues looked at how much education the subjects had gotten and how much money they were making, they also found a clear difference: Those who were breast-fed the longest stayed in school for about an extra year and had monthly salaries that were about a third higher.
1. From the passage, we learn that Horta
回答
.
A. is from Brazil
B. conducts his research in the U.S.
C. has 30 researchers on his team
2. Which of the following about those who were breast-fed is NOT mentioned?
回答
A. They stayed longer in school
B. They were happier
C. They were smarter
3. Which of the following is TRUE?
回答
A. Doctors don.t understand the benefits of breast-feeding.
B. Horta is concerned with water contamination in poor countries.
C. Horta.s research project lasted about 30 years
4. The word contaminated in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to
回答
.
A. finished
B. interested
C. polluted
5. Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage?
回答
A. Researchers Have Pointed Out the Disadvantages of Breast-feeding
B. Researchers Have Found Out the Shortcomings of Formula
C. Breast-feeding Improves Chances of Success
选择题
Babies who are breast-fed may be more likely to be successful in life, a new study published Tuesday suggests. The study followed more than 3,000 babies into adulthood in Brazil. The researchers found those who were breast-fed scored slightly higher in intelligence tests in their 30s, stayed in school longer and earned more money than those who were given formula（配方奶粉）.
“Breast-feeding not only has short-term benefits, but also breast-feeding has long-term benefits, ” says Bernardo Lessa Horta of the Federal University of Pelotas in Brazil, who led the study being published in The Lancet Global Health.
Doctors have long known that breast-feeding can be good for a baby.s health. This is especially true in poor countries, where water can be contaminated. For instance, a baby given formula in developing countries is 14 times more likely to die in the first six months than one who.s breast-fed. In the U.S., some research has suggested that breast-feeding may raise a baby.s IQ（智商）by a few points. But a recent study with siblings（兄弟姐妹）found little advantage to breast-feeding.
Horta says these previous studies didn.t follow children into adulthood to see if breast-feeding had long-term effects. So Horta analyzed data collected from 3,493 volunteers he and his colleagues have been following since birth. They are now in their 30s. First, the researchers gave the subjects IQ tests. Those who were breast-fed for 12 months or more had IQ test scores that were 3.76 points higher than those who were breast-fed for less than one month, the team found.
When Horta and his colleagues looked at how much education the subjects had gotten and how much money they were making, they also found a clear difference: Those who were breast-fed the longest stayed in school for about an extra year and had monthly salaries that were about a third higher.
1. From the passage, we learn that Horta
回答
.
A. is from Brazil
B. conducts his research in the U.S.
C. has 30 researchers on his team
2. Which of the following about those who were breast-fed is NOT mentioned?
回答
A. They stayed longer in school
B. They were happier
C. They were smarter
3. Which of the following is TRUE?
回答
A. Doctors don.t understand the benefits of breast-feeding.
B. Horta is concerned with water contamination in poor countries.
C. Horta.s research project lasted about 30 years
4. The word contaminated in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to
回答
.
A. finished
B. interested
C. polluted
5. Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage?
回答
A. Researchers Have Pointed Out the Disadvantages of Breast-feeding
B. Researchers Have Found Out the Shortcomings of Formula
C. Breast-feeding Improves Chances of Success
正误判断题
All communication begins with the sender and ends with the receiver. The sender is responsible for successful conveyance. The sender.s personality, beliefs, cultural and educational background all influence the message and it is important for the sender to be aware of this as he or she is encoding the message. Simply put, encoding is translating information into symbols that represent the ideas or concepts of the message that needs sending. These symbols are usually words in written or spoken form. To ensure successful communication, the sender should know as much about his or her audience – the receiver – as possible in order to focus and support the encoding process.
In addition to this awareness of self and encoding, the sender must choose the proper channel for conveying the message. Using the wrong channel may result in miscommunication. Like the sender, receivers are influenced by internal factors: their personality, their receptivity to the message or their relationship to the sender. Additionally, their current feelings, mood, or state of mind can affect a message. Once the message moves through the channel, the receiver then decodes it. The receiver uses his or her own experience and the context of the message to interpret its meaning.
Feedback is the return message from the receiver to the sender. It is feedback that enables the sender to know whether the message was received successfully or not. Therefore it is essential to the communication process.
This process, though very common, is fraught with potential breakdown at every turn. Spoken or written language is inherently easy to misinterpret. In conclusion, effective and successful Communication takes place when the message is successfully received and the receiver provides the sender with desirable feedback.
1. The sender.s gender also influences the message.
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2. Encoding is a process that translating information into symbols which serve as the ideas or concepts of the message that will be sent later.
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3. These symbols are usually words and sentences in written form.
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4. Channel is not crucial for conveying the message.
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5. Feedbacks enable the sender to know whether the receiver has received the message successfully or not.
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