出自:郑州工业应用技术学院计算机专业英语
"Personal computer software is based on specific operating systems and machines. The famous PC operating systems are DOS, Windows, OS/2, UNIX, Linux, and Mac OS. DOS (Disk Operating System) was the most popular operating system for IBM and IBM-compatible 16 bit personal computers. DOS is no longer widely used because it has a number of limitations. Microsoft built Windows as an extension of the widely installed DOS operating system. Windows provides not only a graphical user interface (GUI), but also memory management and multitasking capabilities. UNIX is an interactive, multi-user, multitasking operating system that is highly supportive of communications and networking. At present, UNIX is primarily used for workstations, minicomputers, and server computers in multi-user environments. Linux is the free UNIX. It has all of the features you would expect of a modern, fully fledged UNIX: true multitasking, virtual memory, shared libraries, demand loading, shared, proper memory management and TCP/IP networking. Mac OS (Macintosh Operating System) supports multitasking and networking and has a highly praised graphical user interface. Multimedia capabilities of this operating system allow Macintosh users to integrate video clip, stereo sound, and animated sequences with conventional text and graphics software. According to the passage C，tell whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) （每小题1.5分） ( ) Personal computer software is dependent on specific operating systems and machines. 2,( ) DOS can only work with 32-bit microprocessor. 3、( ) Windows is the 32-bit operating system with networking capability and Internet access. 4、( ) UNIX is an interactive, multi-user, multitasking operating system. 5、( ) The Linux operating system is free. It is the modified version of UNIX running on PCs. "
"The central processing unit(CUP) is the heart of the computer systems. Among other things, its configuration determines whether a computer is fast or slow in relation to other computers. The CPU is the most complex computer system component, responsible for directing most of the computer system activities based on the instructions provided. As one computer generation has evolved to the next, the physical size of the CPU has often become smaller and smaller, which its speed and capacity have increased tremendously. Indeed, these changes have resulted in micro-Computers that are small enough to fit on your desk and your lap. The CPU comprise the control unit and the arithmetic/logic unit (ALU). The control unit is responsible for directing and coordinating most of the computer systems activities. It determines the movement of electronic signals between main memory and the arithmetic/logic unit, as well as the control signals between the CPU and input/output devices. The ALU performs all the arithmetic and logical(comparison) functions—that is, it adds, subtracts, multiplies, divides, and does comparison. These comparisons, which are basically “less than”, “greater than”, and “equal to”, can be combined into several common expressions , such as “greater than or equal to”. The objective of most instructions that use comparisons is to determine which instruction should be executed next. (二) Tell whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F) according to the passage A(根据上文的内容判断下列句子的正误) 1.With the development of computer, the physical size of the CPU has often become bigger and bigger. ( ) 2.The movement of electronic signals between main memory and the ALU as well as the control signal between the CPU and input/output devices are controlled by the control unit of the CPU. ( ) 3.The CPU comprises the control unit and memory. ( ) 4.The control unit performs all the arithmetic and logical functions. ( ) 5. The central processing unit (CPU) is the heart of the computer systems. ( ) "
"A computer virus is a computer program that is created to make and spread copies of itself. The program may however also be designed to have other effects on the systems it infects, ranging from the annoying to the disastrous. Virus attacks are growing rapidly these days. According to BusinessWeek, the 76,404 attacks reported in the first half of 2003 nearly match previous year.s total number . As new antivirus tools are more powerful than before, the virus writers are getting a lot smarter with newer and creative ways to attack network systems. Let.s first examine some common virus types: Basic Virus - a piece of software code that is developed to attack computers and network systems via email or Internet connections. It quickly replicates itself and gradually attaches to files, programs or the hard drive. Trojan Horses - This is a program that doesn.t replicate when entering a system but can be effectively used to open .back doors.. Trojan Horses allow hackers to take control over a particular system or to steal very important data. Worm - this type of virus is able to spread itself automatically over the network from one computer to the next. During a worm attack, users. computers get infected without even having to click open email attachment or any program, etc. Since it is very difficult to avoid the virus, your best defense is a powerful antivirus program. In order to fight with such viruses, the software vendors should focus on making their products more robust. This may ask for a trade-off between user-friendliness and security. In specific cases it may require line- by-line inspection, code retooling and even systems automation to defend the installed programs. (四)、choose the best answer according to the passage B.(根据上文的内容选择正 确的答案。 1A computer virus is a computer program that is created to make and spread of itself. Aprograms Bvirus C copies Dfiles 2Worm spread itself except by . Anetwork BE-mail Cprogram Dhardware 3Antivirus program can scan and virus. Aclean Bproduce Creplicate Dmake 4Trojan Horses A quickly replicate itself and gradually attache to files, programs or the hard drive. Binfect the computer without even having to click open email attachment or any program. Callow hackers to take control over a particular system or to steal very important data. Davoid the virus to attack computer. 5According to BusinessWeek, the attacks reported in the first half of 2003 nearly match previous year.s total number . A 86,404 B 76,404 C56,354 D34,876"
"In order to solve a computational problem, its solution must be specified in terms of a sequence of computational steps, each of which may be performed by a human or a digital computer. If you want to solve the computational problem with a computer, you should learn how to program. The task of developing programs for the solution of computational problems is referred to as programming. Computer programming is the process of planning and creating a sequence of steps for a computer to follow. In general, this process will help us resolve a problem, which is either too tedious or difficult to work out otherwise. So programming is breaking a task down into small steps. Programming is sometimes contrasted with (与……相比)coding. Coding generally refers to the writing of programs for given program specification, while programming includes the task of preparing the program specification as well as that of writing the program. The text of a program is sometimes referred to as code, and lines of program text are referred to as lines of code, especially in the case of machine-language programs. The term coder is used to describe a person engaged exclusively in implementing program specifications prepared by others. What.s actually involved in programming - the actual process of writing programs? Here.s a quick overview of the process: · Write a program. · Compile the program. · Run the program. · Debug the program. Repeat the whole process until the program is finished. Choose the best answer according to the passage E. (根据上文的内容选择最合适的答案) 1．( ) If you want to solve the computational problem with a computer, you should learn how to A.calculate B. program C. add D. subtract 2．( ) Computer programming is the process of planning and creating a sequence of __for a computer to follow. A.steps B. process C. lines D. graphics 3．( ) The term ―coder‖ is used to describe A. machine B. computer C. keyboard D. person 4．( ) In order to solve a computational problem, you can let a person or a to do it. A. machine B. computer C. keyboard D. mouse 5．( ) Which of the following is not the stages of programming? A. Write a program. B. Debug the program. C. Print the program. D. Compile the program."
"The central processing unit (CPU) is the heart of the computer systems. Among other things, its configuration determines whether a computer is fast or slow in relation to other computers. The CPU is the most complex computer system component, responsible for directing most of the computer system activities based on the instructions provided. As one computer generation has evolved to the next, the physical size of the CPU has often become smaller and smaller, while its speed and capacity have increased tremendously. Indeed, these changes have resulted in microcomputers that are small enough to fit on your desk or your lap. The CPU comprises the control unit and the arithmetic / logic unit (ALU). The control unit is responsible for directing and coordinating most of the computer systems activities. It determines the movement of electronic signals between main memory and the arithmetic/logic unit, as well as the control signals between the CPU and input/output devices. The ALU performs all the arithmetic and logical (comparison) functions — that is, it adds, subtracts, multiplies, divides, and does comparisons. These comparisons, which are basically “less than”, “greater than”, and “equal to”, can be combined into several common expressions, such as “greater than or equal to”. The objective of most instructions that use comparisons is to determine which instruction should be executed next. Tell whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F) according to the passage A.根据上文的内容判断下列句子的正误1.With the development of computer, the physical size of the CPU has often become bigger and bigger. ( ) 2.The movement of electronic signals between main memory and the ALU as well as the control signal between the CPU and input /output devices are controlled by the control unit of the CPU. ( ) 3. The CPU comprises the control unit and memory. ( ) 4. The control unit performs all the arithmetic and logical (comparison) functions 5. The central processing unit (CPU) is the heart of the computer systems. "
"In order to solve a computational problem, its solution must be specified in terms of a sequence of computational steps, each of which may be performed by a human or a digital computer . If you want to solve the computational problem with a computer, you should learn how to program. The task of developing programs for the solution of computational problems is referred to as programming. Computer programming is the process of planning and creating a sequence of steps for a computer to follow. In general, this process will help us resolve a problem, which is either too tedious or difficult to work out otherwise . So programming is breaking a task down into small steps. Programming is sometimes contrasted with coding. Coding generally refers to the writing of programs for given program specification, while programming includes the task of preparing the program specification as well as that of writing the program. The text of a program is sometimes referred to as code, and lines of program text are referred to as lines of code, especially in the case of machine-language programs. The term coder is used to describe a person engaged exclusively in implementing program specifications prepared by others. What.s actually involved in programming - the actual process of writing programs? Here.s a quick overview of the process: ? Write a program. ? Compile the program. ? Run the program. ? Debug the program. ? Repeat the whole process until the program is finished. (三)、choose the best answer according to the passage B.(根据上文的内容选择正 确的答案。 1If you want to solve the computational problem with a computer, you should learn how to . A. calculate B. program C. add D. subtract 2. Computer programming is the process of planning and creating a sequence of for a computer to follow. A. steps B. process C. lines D. graphics 3. The term coder is used to describe . A. machine B. computer C. keyboard D. person 4. In order to solve a computational problem, you can let a person or a to do it. A. machine B. computer C. keyboard D. mouse 5. Which of the following is not the stages of programming? A. Write a program. B. Debug the program. C. Print the program. D. Compile the program."