出自:大学英语A252
Confucianism is a way of thinking and living based on the ideas of Confucius, a great teacher and philosopher（哲学家） in ancient China. He lived over 2,500 years ago, during the Spring and Autumn Period. His teachings influenced many countries in Asia.
Who was Confucius?
Confucius, or Kongzi, was born in 551 BCE（公元前） in the State of LU (鲁国)(now in Shandong Province). He loved learning and became a teacher. He travelled to many places, teaching people how to be kind, respectful, and wise. His students wrote down his ideas in a book called The Analects of Confucius (《论语》).
The Main Ideas of Confucianism
Confucius believed that people should be kind, respectful, and responsible. Confucianism focuses on five important values.
Ren (仁)—Kindness and Love
We should care for others and treat them with kindness. If we help others, we make the world a better place.
Yi (义)—Doing the Right Thing
We should always try to do what is right, even when it is hard. Being brave and fair is part of Yi.
Li (礼)—Respect and Manners
Good manners are important. We should respect our parents, teachers, and elders. Saying “ thank you” and “sorry” is part of Li.
Zhi (智)—Wisdom
Learning is very important. Confucius said, “If you make a mistake and do not correct it, this is a real mistake.” (过而不改，是谓过矣。)
Xin (信)—Honesty and Trust
We should keep our promises and tell the truth. Trust between people is very important in life and friendship.
How Confucianism Affects Our Lives
Even today, Confucianism teaches us how to be good people. Many Chinese families follow these ideas. In school, we respect teachers and work hard to learn. At home, we listen to our parents and help with chores. These are all parts of Confucian values.
Famous Quote by Confucius
“ Is it not a delight to acquire knowledge and put it into practice?”(学而时习之，不亦说乎?)
阅读Passage One材料，完成本题
The first aid (急救) you learn from a course is not quite like reality. Most of us feel afraid when dealing with “the real thing”. By overcoming these feelings, we are better able to use the first aid to cope with the unexpected.
Doing your part
First aid is not an exact science, and is thus open to human error. No matter how hard you try, the casualty (伤者) may not respond as hoped. Some conditions might lead to death, even with the best medical care.
Giving care with confidence
The casualty needs to feel protected and in safe hands. You can create an air of confidence and safety by:
• being in control, both of yourself and the problem;
• acting calmly and reasonably;
• being gentle, but firm, with your hands, and speaking to the casualty kindly, but hopefully.
Building up trust
Talk to the casualty throughout your examination and treatment (治疗).
• Explain what you are going to do.
• Try to answer questions honestly to reduce fears as best as you can. If you do not know the answer, say so.
Taoism is a way of thinking that started in China a long time ago. It teaches us how to live peacefully with nature and the universe. One important idea in Taoism is “ Heaven and man are united as one”(天人合一), meaning humans should live in harmony（和谐） with nature.
What is Taoism?
Taoism was started by a wise man named Laozi over 2,500 years ago. He wrote a book called Tao Te Ching(《道德经》). In this book, he teaches people how to live a simple and peaceful life by following the way of nature. Taoism holds that we should live in a way that is natural, just like a river flowing smoothly.
Key Ideas of Taoism
Taoism has some important ideas that help people live happily.
Tao (道) — The Way
Tao is the natural way of life. It is like the flow of nature. Taoism teaches us to live with nature, not fight against it.
Wuwei (无为) — Doing without Force
Wuwei means doing things without forcing them. It doesn’t mean doing nothing, but it means doing things in a natural way. Like how water flows easily without effort.
Balance（平衡）in Life
Taoism believes that life is about balance. It teaches that everything has two sides: Yin (阴)(dark) and Yang (阳)(light). Together, they make a perfect balance. Taoism says we should try to keep balance in our own lives too.
Taoism in Daily Life
Taoism can be seen in nature. Trees grow and rivers flow naturally. People who follow Taoism try to live calmly and respect nature. They might practise Tai Chi (太极), a slow and peaceful exercise. Taoism also teaches people to be kind and gentle to others.
Taoism teaches us how to live in peace with nature. It helps us stay calm,balance our lives, and follow the natural way of life. By following Taoism, we can live a happier and peaceful life.
Cars are lots of fun, but they could also be dangerous. We have to be careful when we drive them or ride in them.
It’s always a good idea to put on your seat belt when you’re in a car. Why? Think about this example: You put an egg on a skateboard(滑板) and give it a push. If the skateboard hits a stone, it will stop, but the egg won’t. It will fly through the air, hit the ground and break.
Now, think what would happen if you tied the egg to the skateboard. When the skateboard hits a stone, the egg won’t go flying. It will stay safely on the skateboard.
Volvo, a famous Swedish carmaker, was the first to use seat belts in 1949. Air bags are also very important for car safety, because sometimes a seat belt isn’t enough. If the car is going really fast and runs into something, seat belts could even hurt the people who wear them.
Most newer cars have air bags in front of and next to the seats. When a car hits something, its air bags will come out quickly–in less than one second–to keep the people inside safe.